Mitzvah

By Rabbi Waylon Angel

 

Mattityahu 5:17-20
Think not that I am come to weaken or destroy the Torah, or the neviim: I have not come to weaken, or destroy, but to completely reveal it in its intended fullness.  For truly I say to you, Until the current shamayim(heaven) and earth pass away, not one yid, or one nekudah shall by any means pass from the Torah, until all be fulfilled.  Whoever therefore shall break, or weaken one of the least Torah commandments and shall teach men so, he shall be called least in the malchut ha shamayim: but whoever shall do and teach the commands, the same shall be called great in the malchut ha  shamayim.

Those are Yeshua's words translated from the true text and speak volumes about how Christians are mislead and are misleading others.

Obey the Torah and listen to the voice of Yahweh.

 The following is a brief listing of the 613 commandments, as recorded and classified by Maimonides in the 12th century. This listing is taken from his classic compendium of Jewish law, the "Mishneh Torah," which contains 14 primary "books" or sections.

This list should not be used as a source for any practical Halachic ruling. There are differences of opinion over the applicability today of some commandments in this list. Similarly, distinctions must often be made between rabbinically-decreed commandments and those that still have binding force as Torah-law today. In all cases of doubt, a competent rabbinical authority should be consulted.

This list is reprinted from the book, "Bible Basics," a user-friendly, illustrated reference guide to the Five Books of Moses. (Published by International Traditions Corporation, Jerome S. Hahn, General Editor.)

 

COMMANDMENT SOURCE

BOOK ONE: THE BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE

Fundamentals of Torah:

1

To know there is a God

Ex. 20:2

2

Not to entertain thoughts of other gods besides Him

 Ex. 20:3

3

To know that He is one

Deut. 6:4

4

To love Him

Deut. 6:5

5

To fear Him

Deut. 10:20

6

To sanctify His Name

Lev. 22:32

7

Not to profane His Name

Lev. 22:32

8

Not to destroy objects associated with His Name

Deut. 12:4

9

To listen to the prophet speaking in His Name

Deut. 18:15

10

Not to test the prophet unduly

Deut. 6:16

 

Laws of Character

11

To emulate His ways

Deut. 28:9

12

To cleave to those who know Him

Deut. 10:20

13

To love Jews

Lev. 19:18

14

To love converts

Deut. 10:19

15

Not to hate fellow Jews

Lev. 19:17

16

To reprove

Lev. 19:17

17

Not to embarrass others

Lev. 19:17

18

Not to oppress the weak

Ex. 21:22

19

Not to speak derogatorily of others

Lev. 19:16

20

Not to take revenge

Lev. 19:18

21

Not to bear a grudge

Lev. 19:18

 

Laws of Torah Study

22

To learn Torah

Deut. 6:7

23

To honor those who teach and know Torah

Lev. 19:32

 

Laws of Idolatry and Paganism

24

Not to inquire into idolatry

Lev. 19:4

25

Not to follow the whims of your heart or what your eyes see

Num. 15:39

26

Not to blaspheme

Ex. 22:27

27

Not to worship idols in the manner they are worshiped

Ex. 20:5

28

Not to worship idols in the four ways we worship God

Ex. 20:5

29

Not to make an idol for yourself

Ex. 20:4

30

Not to make an idol for others

Lev. 19:4

31

Not to make human forms even for decorative purposes

Ex. 20:20

32

Not to turn a city to idolatry

Ex. 23:13

33

To burn a city that has turned to idol worship

Deut. 13:17

34

Not to rebuild it as a city

Deut. 13:17

35

Not to derive benefit from it

Deut. 13:18

36

Not to missionize an individual to idol worship

Deut. 13:12

37

Not to love the missionary

Deut. 13:9

38

Not to cease hating the missionary

Deut. 13:9

39

Not to save the missionary

Deut. 13:9

40

Not to say anything in his defense

Deut. 13:9

41

Not to refrain from incriminating him

Deut. 13:9

42

Not to prophesize in the name of idolatry

Deut. 13:14

43

Not to listen to a false prophet

Deut. 13:4

44

Not to prophesize falsely in the name of God

Deut. 18:20

45

Not to be afraid of killing the false prophet

Deut. 18:22

46

Not to swear in the name of an idol

Ex. 23:13

47

Not to perform ov (medium)

Lev. 19:31

48

Not to perform yidoni (magical seer)

Lev. 19:31

49

Not to pass your children through the fire to Molech

Lev. 18:21

50

Not to erect a column in a public place of worship

Deut. 16:22

51

Not to bow down on smooth stone

Lev. 26:1

52

Not to plant a tree in the Temple courtyard

Deut. 16:21

53

To destroy idols and their accessories

Deut. 12:2

54

Not to derive benefit from idols and their accessories

Deut. 7:26

55

Not to derive benefit from ornaments of idols

Deut. 7:25

56

Not to make a covenant with idolaters

Deut. 7:2

57

Not to show favor to them

Deut. 7:2

58

Not to let them dwell in our land

Ex. 23:33

59

Not to imitate them in customs and clothing

Lev. 20:23

60

Not to be superstitious

Lev. 19:26

61

Not to go into a trance to foresee events, etc.

Deut. 18:10

62

Not to engage in astrology

Lev. 19:26

63

Not to mutter incantations

Deut. 18:11

64

Not to attempt to contact the dead

Deut. 18:11

65

Not to consult the ov

Deut. 18:11

66

Not to consult the yidoni

Deut. 18:11

67

Not to perform acts of magic

Deut. 18:10

68

Men must not shave the hair off the sides of their head

Lev. 19:27

69

Men must not shave their beards with a razor

Lev. 19:27

70

Men must not wear women's clothing

Deut. 22:5

71

Women must not wear men's clothing

Deut. 22:5

72

Not to tattoo the skin

Lev. 19:28

73

Not to tear the skin in mourning

Deut. 14:1

74

Not to make a bald spot in mourning

Deut. 14:1

 

Laws of Repentance

75

To repent and confess wrongdoings

Num. 5:7

BOOK TWO: THE BOOK OF LOVE OF GOD

 

Laws of Reading the Shema

76

To say the Shema twice daily

Deut. 6:7

 

Laws of Prayer and Kohanic Blessings

77

To serve the Almighty with prayer daily

Ex. 23:25

78

The Kohanim must bless the Jewish nation daily

Num. 6:23

 

Laws of Tefillin, Mezuza and Sefer Torah

79

To wear tefillin on the head

Deut. 6:8

80

To bind tefillin on the arm

Deut. 6:8

81

To put a mezuzah on each door post

Deut. 6:9

82

Each male must write a Sefer Torah

Deut. 31:19

83

The king must have a separate Sefer Torah for himself

Deut. 17:18

 

Laws of Tzitzit

84

To have tzitzit on four-cornered garments

Num. 15:38

 

Laws of Blessings

85

To bless the Almighty after eating

Deut. 8:10

 

Laws of Circumcision

86

To circumcise all males on the eighth day after their birth

Lev. 12:3

BOOK THREE: THE BOOK OF SEASONS

 

Laws of the Sabbath

87

To rest on the seventh day

Ex. 23:12

88

Not to do prohibited labor on the seventh day

Ex. 20:10

89

The court must not inflict punishment on Shabbat

Ex. 35:3

90

Not to walk outside the city boundary on Shabbat

Ex. 16:29

91

To sanctify the day with Kiddush and Havdallah

Ex. 20:8

 

Laws of Eruvin (Rabbinical)

 

Laws of Yom Kippur Rest

92

To rest from prohibited labor

Lev. 23:32

93

Not to do prohibited labor on Yom Kippur

Lev. 23:32

94

To afflict yourself on Yom Kippur

Lev. 16:29

95

Not to eat or drink on Yom Kippur

Lev. 23:29

 

Laws of Festival Rest

96

To rest on the first day of Passover

Lev. 23:7

97

Not to do prohibited labor on the first day of Passover

Lev. 23:8

98

To rest on the seventh day of Passover

Lev. 23:8

99

Not to do prohibited labor on the seventh day of Passover

Lev. 23:8

100

To rest on Shavuot

Lev. 23:21

101

Not to do prohibited labor on Shavuot

Lev. 23:21

102

To rest on Rosh Hashana

Lev. 23:24

103

Not to do prohibited labor on Rosh Hashana

Lev. 23:25

104

To rest on Sukkot

Lev. 23:35

105

Not to do prohibited labor on Sukkot

Lev. 23:35

106

To rest on Shmini Atzeret

Lev. 23:36

107

Not to do prohibited labor on Shmini Atzeret

Lev. 23:36

 

Laws of Chometz and Matzah

108

Not to eat chametz on the afternoon of the 14th day of Nissan

Deut. 16:3

109

To destroy all chametz on 14th day of Nissan

Ex. 12:15

110

Not to eat chametz all seven days of Passover

Ex. 13:3

111

Not to eat mixtures containing chametz all seven days of Passover

Ex. 12:20

112

Not to see chametz in your domain seven days

Ex. 13:7

113

Not to find chametz in your domain seven days

Ex. 12:19

114

To eat matzah on the first night of Passover

Ex. 12:18

115

To relate the exodus from Egypt on that night

Ex. 13:8

 

Laws of Shofar, Sukkah, Lulav

116

To hear the Shofar on the first day of Tishrei (Rosh Hashana)

Num. 29:1

117

To dwell in a Sukkah for the seven days of Sukkot

Lev. 23:42

118

To take up a Lulav and Etrog all seven days

Lev. 23:40

 

Laws of Shekalim

119

Each man must give a half shekel annually

Ex. 30:13

 

Laws of Sanctification of Months

120

Courts must calculate to determine when a new month begins

Ex. 12:2

 

Laws of Fasts

121

To afflict and cry out before God in times of catastrophe

Num. 10:9

 

Laws of Megillah and Chanukah (Rabbinical)

BOOK FOUR: THE BOOK OF WOMEN

 

Laws of Marriage

122

To marry a wife by means of ketubah and kiddushin

Deut. 22:13

123

Not to have relations with women not thus married

Deut. 23:18

124

Not to withhold food, clothing, and relations from your wife

Ex. 21:10

125

To have children with one's wife

Gen 1:28

 

Laws of Divorce

126

To issue a divorce by means of a "get" document

Deut. 24:1

127

A man must not remarry his wife after she has married someone else

Deut. 24:4

 

Laws of Yivum and Chalitzah (Levirate Marriage)

128

To do yibum (marry childless brother's widow)

Deut. 25:5

129

To do chalitzah (freeing a widow from yibum)

Deut. 25:9

130

The widow must not remarry until the ties with her brother-in-law
are removed

Deut. 25:5

 

Laws of Women

131

The court must fine one who seduces a maiden

Ex. 22:15-16

132

The rapist must marry the maiden (if she chooses)

Deut. 22:29

133

He is not allowed to divorce her

Deut. 22:29

134

The slanderer must remain married to his wife

Deut. 22:19

135

He must not divorce her

Deut. 22:19

 

Laws of Sotah (Suspect Wife)

136

To fulfill the laws of the Sotah

Num. 5:30

137

Not to put oil on her meal offering

Num. 5:15

138

Not to put frankincense on her meal offering

Num. 5:15

BOOK FIVE: THE BOOK OF HOLINESS

 

Laws of Forbidden Relations

139

Not to have relations with your mother

Lev. 18:7

140

Not to have relations with your father's wife

Lev. 18:8

141

Not to have relations with your sister

Lev. 18:9

142

Not to have relations with your father's wife's daughter

Lev. 18:11

143

Not to have relations with your son's daughter

Lev. 18:10

144

Not to have relations with your daughter

Lev. 18:10

145

Not to have relations with your daughter's daughter

Lev. 18:10

146

Not to have relations with a woman and her daughter

Lev. 18:17

147

Not to have relations with a woman and her son's daughter

Lev. 18:17

148

Not to have relations with a woman and her daughter's daughter

Lev. 18:17

149

Not to have relations with your father's sister

Lev. 18:12

150

Not to have relations with your mother's sister

Lev. 18:13

151

Not to have relations with your father's brother's wife

Lev. 18:14

152

Not to have relations with your son's wife

Lev. 18:15

153

Not to have relations with your brother's wife

Lev. 18:16

154

Not to have relations with your wife's sister

Lev. 18:18

155

A man must not have relations with a beast

Lev. 18:23

156

A woman must not have relations with a beast

Lev. 18:23

157

Not to have homosexual relations

Lev. 18:22

158

Not to have homosexual relations with your father

Lev. 18:7

159

Not to have homosexual relations with your father's brother

Lev. 18:14

160

Not to have relations with a married woman

Lev. 18:20

161

Not to have relations with a menstrually impure woman

Lev. 18:19

162

Not to marry non-Jews

Deut. 7:3

163

Not to let Moabite and Ammonite males marry into the Jewish people

Deut. 23:4

164

Don't keep a third generation Egyptian convert from marrying
into the Jewish people

Deut. 23:8-9

165

Not to refrain from marrying a third generation
Edomite convert

Deut. 23:8-9

166

Not to let a mamzer marry into the Jewish people

Deut. 23:3

167

Not to let a eunuch marry into the Jewish people

Deut. 23:2

168

Not to castrate any male (including animals)

Lev. 22:24

169

The High Priest must not marry a widow

Lev. 21:14

170

The High Priest must not have relations with a widow even outside of marriage

Lev. 21:15

171

The High Priest must marry a virgin maiden

Lev. 21:13

172

A Kohen must not marry a divorcee

Lev. 21:7

173

A Kohen must not marry a zonah (a woman who had forbidden relations)

Lev. 21:7

174

A priest must not marry a chalalah (party to or product of 169-172)

Lev. 21:7

175

Not to make pleasurable contact with any forbidden woman

Lev. 18:6

 

Laws of Forbidden Foods

176

To examine the signs of animals to distinguish between kosher and non-kosher

Lev. 11:2

177

To examine the signs of fowl to distinguish between kosher
and non-kosher

Deut. 14:11

178

To examine the signs of fish to distinguish between kosher and non-kosher

Lev. 11:9

179

To examine the signs of locusts to distinguish between kosher and non-kosher

Lev. 11:21

180

Not to eat non-kosher animals

Lev. 11:4

181

Not to eat non-kosher fowl

Lev. 11:13

182

Not to eat non-kosher fish

Lev. 11:11

183

Not to eat non-kosher flying insects

Deut. 14:19

184

Not to eat non-kosher creatures that crawl on land

Lev. 11:41

185

Not to eat non-kosher maggots

Lev. 11:44

186

Not to eat worms found in fruit on the ground

Lev. 11:42

187

Not to eat creatures that live in water other than fish

Lev. 11:43

188

Not to eat the meat of an animal that died without ritual slaughter

Deut. 14:21

189

Not to benefit from an ox condemned to be stoned

Ex. 21:28

190

Not to eat meat of an animal that was mortally wounded

Ex. 22:30

191

Not to eat a limb torn off a living creature

Deut 12:23

192

Not to eat blood

Lev. 3:17

193

Not to eat certain fats of clean animals

Lev. 3:17

194

Not to eat the sinew of the thigh

Gen. 32:33

195

Not to eat meat and milk cooked together

Ex. 23:19

196

Not to cook meat and milk together

Ex. 34:26

197

Not to eat bread from new grain before the Omer

Lev. 23:14

198

Not to eat parched grains from new grain before the Omer

Lev. 23:14

199

Not to eat ripened grains from new grain before the Omer

Lev. 23:14

200

Not to eat fruit of a tree during its first three years

Lev. 19:23

201

Not to eat diverse seeds planted in a vineyard

Deut. 22:9

202

Not to eat untithed fruits

Lev. 22:15

203

Not to drink wine poured in service to idols

Deut. 32:38

 

Laws of Slaughtering

204

To ritually slaughter an animal before eating it

Deut. 12:21

205

Not to slaughter an animal and its offspring on the same day

Lev. 22:28

206

To cover the blood (of a slaughtered beast or fowl) with earth

Lev. 17:13

207

Not to take the mother bird from her children

Deut. 22:6

208

To release the mother bird if she was taken from the nest

Deut. 22:7

BOOK SIX: THE BOOK OF OATHS

 

Laws of Oaths

209

Not to swear falsely in God's Name

Lev. 19:12

210

Not to take God's Name in vain

Ex. 20:7

211

Not to deny possession of something entrusted to you

Lev. 19:11

212

Not to swear in denial of a monetary claim

Lev. 19:11

213

To swear in God's Name to confirm the truth when deemed necessary by court

Deut. 10:20

 

Laws of Vows

214

To fulfill what was uttered and to do what was avowed

Deut. 23:24

215

Not to break oaths or vows

Num. 30:3

216

For oaths and vows annulled, there are the laws of
annulling vows explicit in the Torah

Num. 30:3

 

Laws of The Nazir

217

The Nazir must let his hair grow

Num. 6:5

218

He must not cut his hair

Num. 6:5

219

He must not drink wine, wine mixtures, or wine vinegar

Num. 6:3

220

He must not eat fresh grapes

Num. 6:3

221

He must not eat raisins

Num. 6:3

222

He must not eat grape seeds

Num. 6:4

223

He must not eat grape skins

Num. 6:4

224

He must not be under the same roof as a corpse

Num. 6:6

225

He must not come into contact with the dead

Num. 6:7

226

He must shave after bringing sacrifices upon
completion of his Nazirite period

Num. 6:9

 

Laws of Estimated Values and Vows

227

To estimate the value of people as determined by the Torah

Lev. 27:2

228

To estimate the value of consecrated animals

Lev. 27:12-13

229

To estimate the value of consecrated houses

Lev. 27:14

230

To estimate the value of consecrated fields

Lev. 27:16

231

Carry out the laws of interdicting possessions (cherem)

Lev. 27:28

232

Not to sell the cherem

Lev. 27:28

233

Not to redeem the cherem

Lev. 27:28

BOOK SEVEN: THE BOOK OF SEEDS

 

Laws of Mixed Species

234

Not to plant diverse seeds together

Lev. 19:19

235

Not to plant grains or greens in a vineyard

Deut. 22:9

236

Not to crossbreed animals

Lev. 19:19

237

Not to work different animals together

Deut. 22:10

238

Not to wear sha'atnez, a cloth woven of wool and linen

Deut. 22:11

 

Laws of Gifts to the Poor

239

To leave a corner of the field uncut for the poor

Lev. 19:10

240

Not to reap that corner

Lev. 19:9

241

To leave gleanings

Lev. 19:9

242

Not to gather the gleanings

Lev. 19:9

243

To leave the gleanings of a vineyard

Lev. 19:10

244

Not to gather the gleanings of a vineyard

Lev. 19:10

245

To leave the unformed clusters of grapes

Lev. 19:10

246

Not to pick the unformed clusters of grapes

Lev. 19:10

247

To leave the forgotten sheaves in the field

Deut. 24:19

248

Not to retrieve them

Deut. 24:19

249

To separate the tithe for the poor

Deut. 14:28

250

To give charity

Deut. 15:8

251

Not to withhold charity from the poor

Deut. 15:7

252

To set aside Trumah Gedolah (tithe for the Kohen)

Deut. 18:4

253

The Levite must set aside a tenth of his tithe

Num. 18:26

254

Not to preface one tithe to the next, but separate them in
their proper order

Ex. 22:28

255

A non-Kohen must not eat Trumah

Lev. 22:10

256

A hired worker or a Jewish bondsman of a Kohen must
not eat Trumah

Lev. 22:10

257

An uncircumcised Kohen must not eat Trumah

Ex.12:48

258

An impure Kohen must not eat Trumah

Lev. 22:4

259

A chalalah must not eat Trumah

Lev. 22:12

 

Laws of Ma'aser

260

To set aside Ma'aser each planting year and give it to a Levite

Num. 18:24

 

Laws of The Second Tithe and Fourth Year Produce

261

To set aside the second tithe (Ma'aser Sheni)

Deut. 14:22

262

Not to spend its redemption money on anything but
food, drink, or ointment

Deut. 26:14

263

Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni while impure

Deut. 26:14

264

A mourner on the first day after death must not eat Ma'aser Sheni

Deut. 26:14

265

Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni grains outside Jerusalem

Deut. 12:17

266

Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni wine products outside Jerusalem

Deut. 12:17

267

Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni oil outside Jerusalem

Deut. 12:17

268

The fourth year crops must be totally for holy
purposes like Ma'aser Sheni

Lev. 19:24

269

To read the confession of tithes every fourth and seventh year

Deut. 26:13

 

Laws of First Fruits and other Kohanic Gifts

270

To set aside the first fruits and bring them to the Temple

Ex. 23:19

271

The Kohanim must not eat the first fruits outside Jerusalem

Deut. 12:17

272

To read the Torah portion pertaining to their presentation

Deut. 26:5

273

To set aside a portion of dough for a Kohen

Num. 15:20

274

To give the shoulder, two cheeks, and stomach of slaughtered animals
to a Kohen

Deut. 18:3

275

To give the first sheering of sheep to a Kohen

Deut. 18:4

276

To redeem the firstborn sons and give the money to a Kohen

Num. 18:15

277

To redeem the firstborn donkey by giving a lamb to a Kohen

Ex. 13:13

278

To break the neck of the donkey if the owner does not intend to redeem it

Ex. 13:13

 

Laws of The Sabbatical and Jubilee Years

279

To rest the land during the seventh year by not doing any
work which enhances growth

Ex. 34:21

280

Not to work the land during the seventh year

Lev. 25:4

281

Not to work with trees to produce fruit during that year

Lev. 25:4

282

Not to reap crops that grow wild that year in the normal manner

Lev. 25:5

283

Not to gather grapes which grow wild that year in the normal way

Lev. 25:5

284

To leave free all produce which grew in that year

Ex. 23:11

285

To release all loans during the seventh year

Deut. 15:2

286

Not to pressure or claim from the borrower

Deut. 15:2

287

Not to refrain from lending immediately before the release of
the loans for fear of monetary loss

Deut. 15:9

288

The Sanhedrin must count seven groups of seven years

Lev. 25:8

289

The Sanhedrin must sanctify the fiftieth year

Lev. 25:10

290

To blow the Shofar on the tenth of Tishrei to free the slaves

Lev. 25:9

291

Not to work the soil during the fiftieth year

Lev. 25:11

292

Not to reap in the normal manner that which grows
wild in the fiftieth year

Lev. 25:11

293

Not to pick grapes which grew wild in the normal
manner in the fiftieth year

Lev. 25:11

294

Carry out the laws of sold family properties

Lev. 25:24

295

Not to sell the land in Israel indefinitely

Lev. 25:23

296

Carry out the laws of houses in walled cities

Lev. 25:29

297

The Tribe of Levi must not be given a portion of the land in Israel,
rather they are given cities to dwell in

Deut. 18:1

298

The Levites must not take a share in the spoils of war

Deut. 18:1

299

To give the Levites cities to inhabit and their surrounding fields

Num. 35:2

300

Not to sell the fields but they shall remain the Levites' before and
after the Jubilee year

Lev. 25:34

BOOK EIGHT: THE BOOK OF SERVICE

 

Laws of The Temple

301

To build a Sanctuary

Ex. 25:8

302

Not to build the altar with stones hewn by metal

Ex. 20:22

303

Not to climb steps to the altar

Ex. 20:23

304

To show reverence to the Temple

Lev. 1930

305

To guard the Temple area

Num. 18:2

306

Not to leave the Temple unguarded

Num. 18:5

 

Laws of Temple Vessels and Employees

307

To prepare the anointing oil

Ex. 30:31

308

Not to reproduce the anointing oil

Ex. 30:32

309

Not to anoint with anointing oil

Ex. 30:32

310

Not to reproduce the incense formula

Ex. 30:37

311

Not to burn anything on the Golden Altar besides incense

Ex. 30:9

312

The Levites must transport the ark on their shoulders

Num. 7:9

313

Not to remove the staves from the ark

Ex. 25:15

314

The Levites must work in the Temple

Num. 18:23

315

No Levite must do another's work of either a Kohen or a Levite

Num. 18:3

316

To dedicate the Kohen for service

Lev. 21:8

317

The kohanic work shifts must be equal during holidays

Deut. 18:6-8

318

The Kohanim must wear their priestly garments during service

Ex. 28:2

319

Not to tear the priestly garments

Ex. 28:32

320

The breastplate must not be loosened from the Efode

Ex. 28:28

 

Laws of Entering the Temple

321

A Kohen must not enter the Temple intoxicated

Lev. 10:9

322

A Kohen must not enter the Temple with long hair

Lev. 10:6

323

A Kohen must not enter the Temple with torn clothes

Lev. 10:6

324

A Kohen must not enter the Temple indiscriminately

Lev. 16:2

325

A Kohen must not leave the Temple during service

Lev. 10:7

326

To send the impure from the Temple

Num. 5:2

327

Impure people must not enter the Temple

Num. 5:3

328

Impure people must not enter the Temple Mount area

Deut. 23:11

329

Impure Kohanim must not do service in the temple

Lev. 22:2

330

An impure Kohen, following immersion, must wait until after sundown before returning to service

Lev. 22:7

331

A Kohen must wash his hands and feet before service

Ex. 30:19

332

A Kohen with a physical blemish must not enter the sanctuary or approach the altar

Lev. 21:23

333

A Kohen with a physical blemish must not serve

Lev.21:17

334

A Kohen with a temporary blemish must not serve

Lev. 21:17

335

One who is not a Kohen must not serve

Num. 18:4

 

Laws of Restrictions Concerning Sacrifices

336

To offer only unblemished animals

Lev. 22:21

337

Not to dedicate a blemished animal for the altar

Lev. 22:20

338

Not to slaughter it

Lev. 22:22

339

Not to sprinkle its blood

Lev. 22:24

340

Not to burn its fat

Lev. 22:22

341

Not to offer a temporarily blemished animal

Deut. 17:1

342

Not to sacrifice blemished animals even if offered by non-Jews

Lev. 22:25

343

Not to inflict wounds upon dedicated animals

Lev. 22:21

344

To redeem dedicated animals which have become disqualified

Deut. 12:15

345

To offer only animals which are at least eight days old

Lev. 22:27

346

Not to offer animals bought with the wages of a harlot or the
animal exchanged for a dog

Deut. 23:19

347

Not to burn honey or yeast on the altar

Lev. 2:11

348

To salt all sacrifices

Lev. 2:13

349

Not to omit the salt from sacrifices

Lev. 2:13

 

Laws of Sacrificial Procedure

350

Carry out the procedure of the burnt offering as prescribed in the Torah

Lev. 1:3

351

Not to eat its meat

Deut. 12:17

352

Carry out the procedure of the sin offering

Lev. 6:18

353

Not to eat the meat of the inner sin offering

Lev. 6:23

354

Not to decapitate a fowl brought as a sin offering

Lev. 5:8

355

Carry out the procedure of the guilt offering

Lev. 7:1

356

The Kohanim must eat the sacrificial meat in the Temple

Ex. 29:33

357

The Kohanim must not eat the meat outside the Temple courtyard

Deut. 12:17

358

A non-Kohen must not eat sacrificial meat

Ex. 29:33

359

To follow the procedure of the peace offering

Lev. 7:11

360

Not to eat the meat of minor sacrifices before sprinkling the blood

Deut. 12:17

361

To bring meal offerings as prescribed in the Torah

Lev. 2:1

362

Not to put oil on the meal offerings of wrongdoers

Lev. 5:11

363

Not to put frankincense on the meal offerings of wrongdoers

Lev. 3:11

364

Not to eat the meal offering of the High Priest

Lev. 6:16

365

Not to bake a meal offering as leavened bread

Lev. 6:10

366

The Kohanim must eat the remains of the meal offerings

Lev. 6:9

367

To bring all avowed and freewill offerings to the Temple on the first subsequent festival

Deut. 12:5-6

368

Not to withhold payment incurred by any vow

Deut. 23:22

369

To offer all sacrifices in the Temple

Deut. 12:11

370

To bring all sacrifices from outside Israel to the Temple

Deut. 12:26

371

Not to slaughter sacrifices outside the courtyard

Lev. 17:4

372

Not to offer any sacrifices outside the courtyard

Deut. 12:13

 

Laws of Constant and Additional Offerings

373

To offer two lambs every day

Num. 28:3

374

To light a fire on the altar every day

Lev. 6:6

375

Not to extinguish this fire

Lev. 6:6

376

To remove the ashes from the altar every day

Lev. 6:3

377

To burn incense every day

Ex 30:7

378

To light the Menorah every day

Ex. 27:21

379

The Kohen Gadol must bring a meal offering every day

Lev. 6:13

380

To bring two additional lambs as burnt offerings on Shabbat

Num 28:9

381

To make the show bread

Ex. 25:30

382

To bring additional offerings on the New Month

Num. 28:11

383

To bring additional offerings on Passover

Num. 28:19

384

To offer the wave offering from the meal of the new wheat

Lev. 23:10

385

Each man must count the Omer - seven weeks from the day the new
wheat offering was brought

Lev. 23:15

386

To bring additional offerings on Shavuot

Num. 28:26

387

To bring two leaves to accompany the above sacrifice

Lev. 23:17

388

To bring additional offerings on Rosh Hashana

Num. 29:2

389

To bring additional offerings on Yom Kippur

Num. 29:8

390

To bring additional offerings on Sukkot

Num. 29:13

391

To bring additional offerings on Shmini Atzeret

Num. 29:35

 

Laws of Disqualified Offerings

392

Not to eat sacrifices which have become unfit or blemished

Deut. 14.3

393

Not to eat from sacrifices offered with improper intentions

Lev. 7:18

394

Not to leave sacrifices past the time allowed for eating them

Lev. 22:30

395

Not to eat from that which was left over

Lev. 19:8

396

Not to eat from sacrifices which became impure

Lev. 7:19

397

An impure person must not eat from sacrifices

Lev. 7:20

398

To burn the leftover sacrifices

Lev. 7:17

399

To burn all impure sacrifices

Lev. 7:19

 

Laws of Yom Kippur Service

400

To follow the procedure of Yom Kippur in the sequence
prescribed in Parshat Acharei Mot

Lev. 16:3

 

Laws of Misusing Sanctified Property

401

One who profaned property must repay what he
profaned plus a fifth and bring a sacrifice

Lev. 5:16

402

Not to work consecrated animals

Deut. 15:19

403

Not to shear the fleece of consecrated animals

Deut. 15:19

BOOK NINE: THE BOOK OF SACRIFICES

 

Laws of Pascal Sacrifice

404

To slaughter the paschal sacrifice at the specified time

Ex. 12:6

405

Not to slaughter it while in possession of leaven

Ex. 23:18

406

Not to leave the fat overnight

Ex. 23:18

407

To slaughter the second paschal lamb

Num. 9:11

408

To eat the paschal lamb with matzah and Marror on the night of the
15th of Nissan

Ex. 12:8

409

To eat the second paschal lamb on the night of the 15th of Iyar

Num.9:11

410

Not to eat the paschal meat raw or boiled

Ex. 12:9

411

Not to take the paschal meat from the confines of the group

Ex. 12:46

412

An apostate must not eat from it

Ex.12:43

413

A permanent or temporary hired worker must not eat from it

Ex. 12:45

414

An uncircumcised male must not eat from it

Ex. 12:48

415

Not to break any bones from the paschal offering

Ex. 12:46

416

Not to break any bones from the second paschal offering

Num. 9:12

417

Not to leave any meat from the paschal offering over until morning

Ex. 12:10

418

Not to leave the second paschal meat over until morning

Num. 9:12

419

Not to leave the meat of the holiday offering of the 14th until the 16th

Deut. 16:4

 

Laws of Pilgrim Offerings

420

To be seen at the Temple on Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot

Deut. 16:16

421

To celebrate on these three Festivals (bring a peace offering)

Ex. 23:14

422

To rejoice on these three Festivals (bring a peace offering)

Deut. 16:14

423

Not to appear at the Temple without offerings

Deut. 16:16

424

Not to refrain from rejoicing with, and giving gifts to, the Levites

Deut. 12:19

425

To assemble all the people on the Sukkot following the seventh year

Deut. 31:12

 

Laws of First Born Animals

426

To set aside the firstborn animals

Ex. 13:12

427

The Kohanim must not eat unblemished firstborn animals
outside Jerusalem

Deut. 12:17

428

Not to redeem the firstborn

Num. 18:17

429

Separate the tithe from animals

Lev. 27:32

430

Not to redeem the tithe

Lev. 27:33

 

Laws of Offerings for Unintentional Transgressions

431

Every person must bring a sin offering for his transgression

Lev. 4:27

432

Bring an asham talui when uncertain of guilt

Lev. 5:17-18

433

Bring an asham vadai when guilt is ascertained

Lev. 5:25

434

Bring an oleh v'yored offering (if the person is wealthy, an animal; if poor, a bird or meal offering)

Lev. 5:7-11

435

The Sanhedrin must bring an offering when it rules in error

Lev. 4:13

 

Laws of Lacking Atonement

436

A woman who had a running issue must bring an offering
after she goes to the Mikveh

Lev. 15:28-29

437

A woman who gave birth must bring an offering after she goes
to the Mikveh

Lev. 12:6

438

A man who had a running issue must bring an offering after he goes
to the Mikveh

Lev. 15:13-14

439

A metzora must bring an offering after going to the Mikveh

Lev. 14:10

 

Laws of Substitution of Sacrifices

440

Not to substitute another beast for one set apart for sacrifice

Lev. 27:10

441

The new animal, in addition to the substituted one, retains consecration

Lev. 27:10

442

Not to change consecrated animals from one type of offering to another

Lev. 27:26

BOOK TEN: THE BOOK OF PURITY

 

 

Laws of Impurity of Human Dead

443

Carry out the laws of impurity of the dead

Num. 19:14

 

Laws of The Red Heifer

444

Carry out the procedure of the Red Heifer

Num. 19:2

445

Carry out the laws of the sprinkling water

Num. 19:21

 

Laws of Impurity through Tzara'at

446

Rule the laws of human tzara'at as prescribed in the Torah

Lev. 13:12

447

The metzora must not remove his signs of impurity

Deut. 24:8

448

The metzora must not shave signs of impurity in his hair

Lev. 13:33

449

The metzora must publicize his condition by tearing his garments,
allowing his hair to grow and covering his lips

Lev. 13:45

450

Carry out the prescribed rules for purifying the metzora

Lev. 14:2

451

The metzora must shave off all his hair prior to purification

Lev. 14:9

452

Carry out the laws of tzara'at of clothing

Lev. 13:47

453

Carry out the laws of tzara'at of houses

Lev. 13:34

 

Laws of Impurity of Reclining and Sitting

454

Observe the laws of menstrual impurity

Lev. 15:19

455

Observe the laws of impurity caused by childbirth

Lev. 12:2

456

Observe the laws of impurity caused by a woman's running issue

Lev. 15:25

457

Observe the laws of impurity caused by a man's running issue

Lev. 15:3

 

Laws of Other Sources of Impurity

458

Observe the laws of impurity caused by a dead beast

Lev. 11:39

459

Observe the laws of impurity caused by the eight shratzim

Lev. 11:29

460

Observe the laws of impurity of a seminal emission

Lev. 15:16

 

Laws of Impurity of Food

461

Observe the laws of impurity concerning liquid and solid foods

Lev. 11:34

 

Laws of Vessels (Rabbinical)

 

Laws of Mikveh

462

Every impure person must immerse himself in a Mikveh to become pure

Lev. 15:16

BOOK ELEVEN: THE BOOK OF DAMAGES

 

Laws of Property Damage

463

The court must judge the damages incurred by a goring ox

Ex. 21:28

464

The court must judge the damages incurred by an animal eating

Ex. 22:4

465

The court must judge the damages incurred by a pit

Ex. 21:33

466

The court must judge the damages incurred by fire

Ex. 22:5

 

Laws of Theft

467

Not to steal money stealthily

Lev. 19:11

468

The court must implement punitive measures against the thief

Ex. 21:37

469

Each individual must ensure that his scales and weights are accurate

Lev. 19:36

470

Not to commit injustice with scales and weights

Lev. 19:35

471

Not to possess inaccurate scales and weights even if they are not for use

Deut. 25:13

472

Not to move a boundary marker to steal someone's property

Deut. 19:14

473

Not to kidnap

Ex. 20:13

 

Laws of Robbery and Lost Objects

474

Not to rob openly

Lev. 19:13

475

Not to withhold wages or fail to repay a debt

Lev. 19:13

476

Not to covet and scheme to acquire another's possession

Ex. 20:14

477

Not to desire another's possession

Deut. 5:18

478

Return the robbed object or its value

Lev. 5:23

479

Not to ignore a lost object

Deut. 22:3

480

Return the lost object

Deut. 22:1

481

The court must implement laws against the one who assaults
another or damages another's property

Ex. 21:18

 

Laws of Murder and Preservation of Life

482

Not to murder

Ex. 20:13

483

Not to accept monetary restitution to atone for the murderer

Num. 35:31

484

The court must send the accidental murderer to a city of refuge

Num. 35:25

485

Not to accept monetary restitution instead of being
sent to a city of refuge

Num. 35:32

486

Not to kill the murderer before he stands trial

Num. 35:12

487

Save someone being pursued even by taking the life of the pursuer

Deut. 25112

488

Not to pity the pursuer

Num. 35:12

489

Not to stand idly by if someone's life is in danger

Lev. 19:16

490

Designate cities of refuge and prepare routes of access

Deut. 19:3

491

Break the neck of a calf by the river valley following an unsolved murder

Deut. 21:4

492

Not to work nor plant that river valley

Deut. 21:4

493

Not to allow pitfalls and obstacles to remain on your property

Deut. 22:8

494

Make a guard rail around flat roofs

Deut. 22:8

495

Not to put a stumbling block before a blind man (nor give harmful advice)

Lev. 19:14

496

Help another remove the load from a beast which can
no longer carry it

Ex. 23:5

497

Help others load their beast

Deut. 22:4

498

Not to leave others distraught with their burdens (but to help either load or unload)

Deut. 22:4

BOOK TWELVE: THE BOOK OF ACQUISITION

 

Laws of Sales

499

Buy and sell according to Torah law

Lev. 25:14

500

Not to overcharge or underpay for an article

Lev. 25:14

501

Not to insult or harm anybody with words

Lev. 25:17

502

Not to cheat a sincere convert monetarily

Ex. 22:20

503

Not to insult or harm a sincere convert with words

Ex. 22:20

 

Laws of Acquisitions and Gifts (Rabbinical)

 

Laws of Neighbors (Rabbinical)

 

Laws of Agents and Partners (Rabbinical)

 

Laws of Slaves

504

Purchase a Hebrew slave in accordance with the prescribed laws

Ex. 21:2

505

Not to sell him as a slave is sold

Lev. 25:42

506

Not to work him oppressively

Lev. 25:43

507

Not to allow a non-Jew to work him oppressively

Lev. 25:53

508

Not to have him do menial slave labor

Lev. 25;39

509

Give him gifts when he goes free

Deut. 15:14

510

Not to send him away empty-handed

Deut. 15:13

511

Redeem Jewish maidservants

Ex. 21:8

512

Betroth the Jewish maidservant

Ex. 21:8

513

The master must not sell his maidservant

Ex. 21:8

514

Canaanite slaves must work forever unless injured in one of their limbs

Lev. 25:46

515

Not to extradite a slave who fled to Israel

Deut. 23:16

516

Not to wrong a slave who has come to Israel for refuge

Deut. 23:16

BOOK THIRTEEN: THE BOOK OF JUDGEMENTS

 

Laws of Hiring

517

The courts must carry out the laws of a hired worker and hired guard

Ex. 22:9

518

Pay wages on the day they were earned

Deut. 24:15

519

Not to delay payment of wages past the agreed time

Lev. 19:13

520

The hired worker may eat from the unharvested crops where he works

Deut. 23:25

521

The worker must not eat while on hired time

Deut. 23:26

522

The worker must not take more than he can eat

Deut. 23:25

523

Not to muzzle an ox while plowing

Deut. 25:4

 

Laws of Borrowing and Depositing

524

The courts must carry out the laws of a borrower

Ex. 22:13

525

The courts must carry out the laws of an unpaid guard

Ex. 22:6

 

Laws of Creditor and Debtor

526

Lend to the poor and destitute

Ex. 22:24

527

Not to press them for payment if you know they don't have it

Ex. 22:24

528

Press the idolater for payment

Deut. 15:3

529

The creditor must not forcibly take collateral

Deut. 24:10

530

Return the collateral to the debtor when needed

Deut. 24:13

531

Not to delay its return when needed

Deut. 24:12

532

Not to demand collateral from a widow

Deut. 24:17

533

Not to demand as collateral utensils needed for preparing food

Deut. 24:6

534

Not to lend with interest

Lev.25:37

535

Not to borrow with interest

Deut. 23:20

536

Not to intermediate in an interest loan, guarantee, witness,
or write the promissory note

Ex. 22:24

537

Lend to and borrow from idolaters with interest

Deut. 23:21

 

Laws of Plaintiff and Defendant

538

The courts must carry out the laws of the
plaintiff, admitter, or denier

Ex. 22:8

 

Laws of Inheritance

539

Carry out the laws of the order of inheritance

Num. 27:8

BOOK FOURTEEN: THE BOOK OF JUDGES

 

Laws of Sanhedrin and Punishments

540

Appoint judges

Deut. 16:18

541

Not to appoint judges who are not familiar with judicial procedure

Deut. 1:17

542

Decide by majority in case of disagreement

Ex. 23:2

543

The court must not execute through a majority of one; at least a majority of two is required

Ex. 23:2

544

A judge who presented an acquittal plea must not present an
argument for conviction in capital cases

Deut. 23:2

545

The courts must carry out the death penalty of stoning

Deut. 22:24

546

The courts must carry out the death penalty of burning

Lev. 20:14

547

The courts must carry out the death penalty of the sword

Ex. 21:20

548

The courts must carry out the death penalty of strangulation

Lev. 20:10

549

The courts must hang those stoned for blasphemy or idolatry

Deut. 21:22

550

Bury the executed on the day they are killed

Deut.21:23

551

Not to delay burial overnight

Deut. 21:23

552

The court must not let the sorcerer live

Ex. 22:17

553

The court must give lashes to the wrongdoer

Ex. 25:2

554

The court must not exceed the prescribed number of lashes

Deut. 25:3

555

The court must not kill anybody on circumstantial evidence

Ex. 23:7

556

The court must not punish anybody who was forced to do a crime

Deut. 22:26

557

A judge must not pity the murderer or assaulter at the trial

Deut. 19:13

558

A judge must not have mercy on the poor man at the trial

Lev. 19:15

559

A judge must not respect the great man at the trial

Lev. 19:15

560

A judge must not decide unjustly the case of the habitual transgressor

Ex. 23;6

561

A judge must not pervert justice

Lev. 19:15

562

A judge must not pervert a case involving a convert or orphan

Deut. 24:17

563

Judge righteously

Lev. 19:15

564

The judge must not fear a violent man in judgment

Deut. 1:17

565

Judges must not accept bribes

Ex. 23:8

566

Judges must not accept testimony unless both parties are present

Ex. 23:1

567

Not to curse judges

Ex. 22:27

568

Not to curse the head of state or leader of the Sanhedrin

Ex. 22:27

569

Not to curse any upstanding Jew

Lev. 19:14

 

Laws of Evidence

570

Anybody who knows evidence must testify in court

Lev. 5:1

571

Carefully interrogate the witness

Deut. 13:15

572

A witness must not serve as a judge in capital crimes

Deut. 19:17

573

Not to accept testimony from a lone witness

Deut. 19:15

574

Transgressors must not testify

Ex. 23:1

575

Relatives of the litigants must not testify

Deut. 24:16

576

Not to testify falsely

Ex. 20:13

577

Punish the false witnesses as they tried to punish the defendant

Deut. 19:19

 

Laws of Insurgents

578

Act according to the ruling of the Sanhedrin

Deut. 17:11

579

Not to deviate from the word of the Sanhedrin

Deut. 17:11

580

Not to add to the Torah commandments or their oral explanations

Deut. 13:1

581

Not to diminish from the Torah any commandments, in whole or in part

Deut. 13:1

582

Not to curse your father and mother

Ex. 21:17

583

Not to strike your father and mother

Ex. 21:15

584

Respect your father or mother

Ex. 20:12

585

Fear your father or mother

Lev. 19:3

586

Not to be a rebellious son

Deut. 21:18

 

Laws of Mourning

587

Mourn for relatives

Lev. 10:19

588

The High Priest must not defile himself for any relative

Lev. 21:11

589

The High Priest must not enter under the same roof as a corpse

Lev. 21:11

590

A Kohen must not defile himself for anyone except relatives

Lev. 21:1

 

Laws of Kings and their Wars

591

Appoint a king from Israel

Deut. 17:15

592

Not to appoint a convert

Deut. 17:15

593

The king must not have too many wives

Deut. 17:17

594

The king must not have too many horses

Deut. 17:16

595

The king must not have too much silver and gold

Deut. 17:17

596

Destroy the seven Canaanite nations

Deut. 20:17

597

Not to let any of them remain alive

Deut. 20:16

598

Wipe out the descendants of Amalek

Deut. 25:19

599

Remember what Amalek did to the Jewish people

Deut. 25:17

600

Not to forget Amalek's atrocities and ambush on our journey
from Egypt in the desert

Deut. 25:19

601

Not to dwell permanently in Egypt

Deut. 17:16

602

Offer peace terms to the inhabitants of a city while holding siege, and treat them according to the Torah if they accept the terms

Deut. 20:10

603

Not to offer peace to Ammon and Moab while besieging them

Deut. 23:7

604

Not to destroy fruit trees even during the siege

Deut. 20:19

605

Prepare latrines outside the camps

Deut. 23:13

606

Prepare a shovel for each soldier to dig with

Deut. 23:14

607

Appoint a priest to speak with the soldiers during the war

Deut. 20:2

608

He who has taken a wife, built a new home, or planted a vineyard is given a year to rejoice with his possessions

Deut. 24:5

609

Not to demand from the above any involvement,
communal or military

Deut. 24:5

610

Not to panic and retreat during battle

Deut. 20:3

611

Keep the laws of the captive woman

Deut. 21:11

612

Not to sell her into slavery

Deut. 21:14

613

Not to retain her for servitude after having relations with her

Deut. 21:14

 

 

 

The Hebrew word mitzvah (מִצְוָה) means "divine commandment" (mitzvot is the plural form). Although the word is sometimes used broadly to refer to Rabbinic (Talmudic) law or simply a good deed (e.g., "it would be a mitzvah to visit your sick cousin"), in its strictest sense the term refers to a divine commandment given by the LORD in the Torah. In Exodus 24:12 the Ten Commandments are collectively referred to as mitzvot.

 

 

 

 

Types of Mitzvot

 

 

 

The Torah is filled with various imperatives of one kind or another. The term mitzvot (מִצְוֹת) is a general term used to refer to any commandment given by God. Mitzvot can be further divided into the subcategories of chukkim u'mishpatim (Deut. 4:5):
 

  • Chukkim (חֻקִּים) are statutes given without a reason (i.e., fiats or divine decrees). As such they are sometimes called "supra-rational" decrees. The classic example is the chok (sing.) regarding the Red Heifer, which, legend has it, defied even the wisdom of King Solomon. Other examples include dietary law (kashrut), the prohibition of mixing seeds or fabrics (kilayim), or the laws concerning family purity (niddah). These laws can seem irrational to human reason.

    Zot chukat haTorah (זאת חֻקַּת הַתּוֹרָה) - "this is the Torah's decree...." which we therefore accept as a commandment that transcends our abilities to rationally fathom.  That is, when asked why we would do what is here commanded, we can only appeal to the fact that the LORD has commanded such - and that settles the issue.
     
  • Mishpatim (מִשְׁפָּטִים) are laws given for a clearly specified reason (i.e., logical laws). An example would be the commandment to give charity or the prohibitions against theft and murder. These mitzvot are inherently rational and appeal to the need for ethical unity (civil and moral life) within the community.
  • Note: eidot (עֵדוֹת) are testimonials (from the root 'ed, "witness") that commemorate or represent something -- e.g., the commandments to observe Shabbat and the holidays, to put on tefillin, wear tzitzit, eat matzah on Passover, blow a shofar, etc.  Since they commemorate or symbolically represent something, the eidot occupy a sort of middle ground between the rationally understandable mishpatim and the supra-rational chukkim.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The phrase chukkim u'mishpatim (חֻקִּים וּמִשְׁפָּטִים) is a synonym for the more general term "mitzvah," as can be seen in parashat Mishpatim, which lists over 50 mitzvot that are indeed logical laws (i.e., mishpatim), but also include a number of eidot and at least one chok, or supra-rational "decree."

Some Jewish scholars have attempted to count the various mitzvot (commandments) listed in the Torah. For example, the Jewish Aristotelian philosopher Maimonides (i.e., "Rambam") listed a total of 613 commandments in his book Sefer Ha-mitzvot ("Book of Commandments") and divided them into two basic groups: 248 positive ("Thou shalt...") and 365 negative ("Thou shalt not...") commandments. In Jewish theological tradition, positive commandments are called mitzvot 'aseh (מִצְוֹת עֲשֵׂה), whereas the negative ones are called mitzvot lo-ta'aseh (מִצְוֹת לא תַעֲשֵׂה). Some of the sages rather fancifully claim that the positive commandments equal the number of bones and significant organs of the body, whereas the negative commandments correspond to the number of days in the solar year.

 

 

 

 

 

Since Hebrew letters are often used to express numbers, the number 613 can be represented using the word "Taryag" (pronounced tar-YAHG) as a numerical acronym:

 

 

 

Tary''g Mitzvot

 

 

You add the value for Tav (400) to the value for Resh (200) to get 600, and then you add the value of Yod (10) and Gimmel (3) to get 13. Adding these numbers together yields 613 (note the gerashayim is used to indicate that this is a non-standard Hebrew word).

 

 

 

Collectively, the 613 commandments listed in the Torah are called "Taryag Mitzvot."

 

 

 

 

 

Note that the gematria (numerical value) for the word Torah is Tav (400) + Vav (6) + Resh (200) + Hey (5), which yields 611. According to Jewish tradition, Taryag (613) is equal to the word "Torah" plus the two commandments that existed before the Torah: "I am the Lord your God" and "you shall have no other gods before me."

 

 

 

 

 

 

With the destruction of the Temple in 70 AD, many of the enumerated mitzvot that concern ritual and ceremony within the establishment of the Aaronic priesthood can no longer be obeyed (it has been estimated that only about 270 of them - less than 50 percent - are still applicable today). That is, ever since the Diaspara of the Jewish people, it has been literally impossible to fulfill all of the Torah's righteous demands. Nonetheless, the Rabbinic tradition has assumed the role of interpreting the applicability of Jewish law for the individual Jew, and certain qualifications in the idea of the mitzvot are therefore made.

 

 

 

 

 

The Jewish Temple was destroyed in 70 AD (see Matt 24:1-2) and has never been restored.
Presently, the mitzvot pertaining to the priesthood cannot be fulfilled.

 

 

 

Rabbinical Legal Ruminations: Halakhah

 

 

 

In addition to Taryag mitzvot (see the listing of the 613 commandments below), Rabbinical law has added a large body of rulings that are claimed to be just as binding as the divine mitzvot. Such rabbinical halakhah (from halakh: הָלַךְ, "to walk") refers to the various rules and regulations that are said to mark the Jew's 'walk' through life. Halakhah includes three (related) groups: gezeirah, takkanah, and minhag:
 

  • Gezeirah ("fence") -- a rule instituted by the rabbis to prevent inadvertent violation of a mitzvah. For instance, it is a mitvah to refrain from work on the Sabbath, but it's a gezeirah to avoid even the handling of any work instruments on the Sabbath.
  • Takkanah ("case law ordinance") -- a law instituted by rabbis that does not directly derive from the Torah (but is inferred from its interpretation). An example would be the lighting of candles on erev Shabbat. The ritual of public Torah recitation every Monday and Thursday is a takkanah instituted by Ezra the Scribe. Takkanot (pl.) can vary by region, based on the prevailing rabbinical authority. Ashkenazic Jews accept takkanot that Sephardic Jews might not recognize as binding.
  • Minhag ("custom") are rabbinically approved conventions for a Jewish community (plural minhagim). An example of a minhag would be eating apples with honey on Rosh Hashanah. Like the takkanot, minhagim can vary by region, based on the prevailing rabbinical authority.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Torah and Jewish Tradition

 

 

 

In Jewish thought, the word "Torah" (תּוֹרָה) is a general concept that implies a wide range of related ideas and concepts that focus on discerning God's will. A primary distinction is between the written Torah, on the one hand, and the oral Torah on the other. The written Torah, called shebichtav (שֶׁבִּכְתָב, "that which is written"), refers to the text that has been meticulously transmitted since the time of Moses in the form of a Sefer Torah (i.e., a kosher Torah scroll). The oral Torah, on the other hand, is called shebal peh (שֶׁבְּעַל פֶּה, "that which is oral"), and refers to legal and interpretative traditions handed down by word of mouth until these were codified in the Mishnah and Gemara (i.e., the Talmud). The Oral tradition further includes the Midrash (traditional exegesis), the Responsa (questions and answers given by "poskim," or legal scholars), the Shulchan Aruch (16th century codification of Jewish case law), and various other commentaries handed down over the centuries. Some people further claim that "Kabbalah" is also contained within oral tradition, though strictly speaking it is not regarded as part of the Oral Torah as understood in Jewish tradition.

Jewish thought maintains that the written Torah and the oral Torah are complementary, since Moses himself established the role of judges and law courts in the written Torah (Exod. 18:13-26; Num. 11:24-29; Deut. 16:18-20; 17:8-12), and ultimately the oral Torah derives its justification and substance from the written revelation. Indeed it is somewhat artificial to distinguish between the two in practice, since the written Torah was preserved through tradition (i.e., the scribal transmission, the books to be included in the canon, etc.), just as the oral Torah was validated by the written words of the Torah scroll itself. Moreover, within both of these "Torahs" we can make further distinctions. For example, in the written Torah there is both narrative (alilah) and Gods' explicit commandments (mitzvot), which roughly corresponds to the distinction between "aggadic" (homiletical) and "halakhic" (legal) literature found in the oral Torah.  In addition, just as the 613 mitzvot of the written Torah can be subdivided into the categories of mishpatim (laws), chukkot (decrees), and eidot (testimonials), so the Jewish legal tradition discusses the corresponding ideas of takkanot (case laws), gezerot (rabbinical decrees), and minhagim (customs). In short, there is a sort of circular reasoning involved in the traditional Jewish idea of Torah: The written Torah was passed down (validated) by means of the oral Torah; but the oral Torah derives its authority from the written Torah:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Interestingly enough, Jewish tradition seems to go two ways with the idea that Torah can be explicated by means of halakhah.  On the one hand, it carefully enumerates every nuance of each of the various commandments of the Torah, creates various takkanot (case laws) and even multiplies the Torah's principles by building "fences" around the commandments, yet on the other hand it can (lucidly enough) distill the various commandments to more general principles that are fewer and fewer in number. For example, in Makkot 23b-24a the discussion goes from an enumeration of the 613 commandments identified in the Torah (see below), to David's reduction of the number to 11 (Psalm 15), to Isaiah's reduction of the number to six (Isaiah 33:15-16); to Micah's reduction to three (Micah 6:8); to Isaiah's further reduction to two (Isaiah 56:1); to  the one essential commandment by Habakuk ("But the righteous shall live by his faith" - Habakuk 2:4). Obviously the Apostle Paul distilled the various mitzvot to this selfsame principle of faith (see Romans 1:17, Galatians 3:11, Hebrews 10:38).

 

Taryag Mitzvot (Rambam's List)

 

In Maimonides' list you will notice considerable overlap of the selected commandments, perhaps as the result of the gematria/superstition that there must be exactly 613 found in the Torah. Note also that Maimonides seems to regard Christians as "idolaters," whom he calls "missionaries," though the texts he uses from Torah against "missionaries" obviously have no historical reference to Christianity.

Next to each Scripture reference from the Torah, I have added one or more corresponding New Testament commandments (many others could be cited, but in the interests of brevity, I have kept the references to a minimum). Some laws simply do not apply to Christians at all (for example, laws concerning Temple practices, agricultural laws, civil laws, and so on), though clearly the NT contains ALL the principles of the Torah in superior form (in fact, Yeshua the Mashiach went beyond the letter of the Torah to expose its underlying principles. For example, see Matthew 5-7).

 

 

  1. To know there is a God
    Ex. 20:2; John 14:1; 17:3, etc.
  2. Not to entertain thoughts of other gods besides Him
    Ex. 20:3; Acts 15:29; 21:25; 1 Cor. 5:11; Eph. 5:5; 1 Cor. 10:7; Rev. 21:8; 22:15; 1 Peter 4:3; Gal 5:19-20; 1 John 5:21
  3. To know that God is One
    Deut. 6:4; Matt. 22:37; Mark 12:30; Luke 10:27; 1 Cor. 2:9; Gal. 3:20; 1 Tim. 2:5
  4. To love God
    Deut. 6:5; Matt. 22:37; Mark 12:30; Luke 10:27; 1 Cor. 2:9; Rom. 8:28; 1 Cor. 8:3
  5. To fear God
    Deut. 10:20; 2 Cor 7:1; Heb. 12:28
  6. To sanctify His Name
    Lev. 22:32; 1 Peter 1:16-17
  7. Not to profane His Name
    Lev. 22:32; Heb. 9:13; Col. 3:8; 1 Peter 1:16-17
  8. Not to destroy objects associated with His Name
    Deut. 12:4; 1 John 5:21
  9. To listen to the prophet speaking in His Name
    Deut. 18:15; Matt. 3:17; 17:5; Mark 1:11; 9:7; Luke 3:22; 9:35; 20:13; 1 Cor. 4:17; 2 Tim. 1:2; 2 Pet. 1:17
  10. Not to test the prophet unduly
    Deut. 6:16; Luke 4:12
  11. To emulate God's ways
    Deut. 28:9; John 12:26; Eph. 5:1
  12. To cleave to those who know God
    Deut. 10:20; Heb 10:25
  13. To love other Jews
    Lev. 19:18; Luke 10:27; note NT extends this to all people
  14. To love converts (or believers)
    Deut. 10:19; John 13:34f; 15:12, 17; Rom. 12:10; 13:8; Gal. 5:13; Eph. 4:2; 1 Thess. 3:12; 4:9; Heb. 10:24; 1 Pet. 1:22; 3:8; 1 John 3:11, 23; 4:7, 11f; 2 John 1:5
  15. Not to hate fellow Jews
    Lev. 19:17; 1 John 2:9, 11; 3:15; 4:20
  16. To reprove a sinner
    Lev. 19:17; John 16:8; Eph. 5:11; 2 Tim. 4:2
  17. Not to embarrass others
    Lev. 19:17; Phil. 2:3; 1 Thess. 5:13
  18. Not to oppress the weak
    Ex. 22:21; James 2:6
  19. Not to speak derogatorily of others
    Lev. 19:16; 1 Tim 3:11; Eph. 4:29 
  20. Not to take revenge
    Lev. 19:18; Rom 12:19; 2 Thess. 1:8; Heb 10:30
  21. Not to bear a grudge
    Lev. 19:18; James 5:9
  22. To learn Torah
    Deut. 6:7; Matt. 28:19-20; Col 3:16; Titus 2:11-12; 2 Tim 3:15-1; 4:2-3; Titus 2:1
  23. To honor those who teach and know Torah
    Lev. 19:32; 1 Tim 5:17
  24. Not to inquire into idolatry
    Lev. 19:4; Acts 15:29; 21:25; 1 John 5:21
  25. Not to follow the whims of your heart or what your eyes see
    Num. 15:39; James 4:1-4; 1 Pet 1:14
  26. Not to blaspheme
    Ex. 22:28; 1 Tim. 1:20; Jam. 2:7; Rev. 13:6; Col 3:8
  27. Not to worship idols in the manner they are worshiped
    Ex. 20:5;  Acts 15:29; 21:25; 1 John 5:21
  28. Not to worship idols in the four ways we worship God
    Ex. 20:5; Acts 15:29; 21:25; 1 John 5:21; John 4:24
  29. Not to make an idol for yourself
    Ex. 20:4; 1 Cor. 5:11; Eph. 5:5; 1 Cor. 10:7; Rev. 21:8; 22:15; 1 Peter 4:3; Gal 5:19-20; 1 John 5:21
  30. Not to make an idol for others
    Lev. 19:4; 1 Cor. 5:11; Eph. 5:5; 1 Cor. 10:7; Rev. 21:8; 22:15; 1 Peter 4:3; Gal 5:19-20; 1 John 5:21
  31. Not to make human forms even for decorative purposes
    Ex. 20:23; 1 Cor. 5:11; Eph. 5:5; 1 Cor. 10:7; Rev. 21:8; 22:15; 1 Peter 4:3; Gal 5:19-20; 1 John 5:21
  32. Not to turn a city to idolatry
    Ex. 23:13 (this is an unclear reference); 1 John 5:21
  33. To burn a city that has turned to idol worship
    Deut. 13:17; None in NT: Heb 10:30
  34. Not to rebuild it as a city
    Deut. 13:17; None in NT: Heb 10:30
  35. Not to derive benefit from it
    Deut. 13:18; None in NT: Heb 10:30
  36. Not to convert an individual to idol worship
    Deut. 13:12; Rev. 21:8; 22:15; 1 Peter 4:3; Gal 5:19-20; 1 John 5:21
  37. Not to love the idolater
    Deut. 13:9; none in NT, though false teachers are condemned: 2 Peter 2:1
  38. Not to cease hating the idolater
    Deut. 13:9; Rev 2:6; and false teachers are condemned: 2 Peter 2:1
  39. Not to save the idolater
    Deut. 13:9;  Rev 2:6; and false teachers are condemned: 2 Peter 2:1
  40. Not to say anything in the idolater's defense
    Deut. 13:9; Rev 2:6; and false teachers are condemned: 2 Peter 2:1
  41. Not to refrain from incriminating him
    Deut. 13:9 (note: Rambam really seems to get off on hating idolaters -- by which he had in mind Christians in particular; the LORD be the judge.)
  42. Not to prophesize in the name of idolatry
    Deut. 13:14; 2 Peter 2:1
  43. Not to listen to a false prophet
    Deut. 13:4; 2 Peter 2:1; 2 Tim 4:3
  44. Not to prophesize falsely in the name of God
    Deut. 18:20; 2 Peter 2:1; 2 Tim 4:3
  45. Not to be afraid of killing the false prophet
    Deut. 18:22; None - the NT does not endorse killing others
  46. Not to swear in the name of an idol
    Ex. 23:13; 2 Peter 2:1
  47. Not to perform ov (medium)
    Lev. 19:31; Gal 5:20; Rev. 21:8
  48. Not to perform yidoni ("magical seer")
    Lev. 19:31; Gal 5:20; Rev. 21:8 
  49. Not to pass your children through the fire to Molech
    Lev. 18:21; 1 Cor. 5:11; Eph. 5:5; 1 Cor. 10:7; Rev. 21:8; 22:15; 1 Peter 4:3; Gal 5:19-20; 1 John 5:21
  50. Not to erect a pillar (i.e., Asherah pole) in a public place of worship
    Deut. 16:22; Rom. 11:4; etc.
  51. Not to bow down to a smooth stone image
    Lev. 26:1; 1 Cor. 5:11; Eph. 5:5; 1 Cor. 10:7; Rev. 21:8; 22:15; 1 Peter 4:3; Gal 5:19-20; 1 John 5:21
  52. Not to plant a tree in the Temple courtyard
    Deut. 16:21; None in NT (no Temple worship commandments)
  53. To destroy idols and their accessories
    Deut. 12:2;  1 John 5:21
  54. Not to derive benefit from idols and their accessories
    Deut. 7:26; 1 John 5:21
  55. Not to derive benefit from ornaments of idols
    Deut. 7:25; 1 John 5:21
  56. Not to make a covenant with idolaters
    Deut. 7:2; 1 Cor. 5:11; Eph. 5:5
  57. Not to show favor to them
    Deut. 7:2; 1 Cor. 5:11; Eph. 5:5
  58. Not to let them dwell in the Land of Israel
    Ex. 23:33; None - No NT commands regarding dwelling places in eretz Israel
  59. Not to imitate them in customs and clothing
    Lev. 20:23; 1 Cor. 5:11; Eph. 5:5
  60. Not to be superstitious
    Lev. 19:26; Acts 16:16-19; 2 Tim 1:7
  61. Not to go into a trance to foresee events, etc.
    Deut. 18:10; 2 Tim 1:7
  62. Not to engage in astrology
    Lev. 19:26; Gal 5:20
  63. Not to mutter incantations
    Deut. 18:11; Gal 5:20; Col 3:1-4
  64. Not to attempt to contact the dead
    Deut. 18:11; Gal 5:20; Col 3:1-4
  65. Not to consult the ov
    Deut. 18:11; Col 3:1-4
  66. Not to consult the yidoni
    Deut. 18:11; Gal 5:20; Col 3:1-4
  67. Not to perform acts of magic
    Deut. 18:10; Gal 5:20; Col 3:1-4
  68. Men must not shave the hair off the sides of their head
    Lev. 19:27; 1 Cor 11:14
  69. Men must not shave their beards with a razor
    Lev. 19:27; no explicit NT reference
  70. Men must not wear women's clothing
    Deut. 22:5; Rom 1:27
  71. Women must not wear men's clothing
    Deut. 22:5; Rom. 1:26; etc.
  72. Not to tattoo the skin
    Lev. 19:28; 1 Corinthians 6:19-20
  73. Not to tear the skin in mourning
    Deut. 14:1; 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 
  74. Not to make a bald spot in mourning
    Deut. 14:1; 1 Corinthians 6:19-20 
  75. To repent and confess wrongdoings
    Num. 5:7; Jam. 5:16; 1 John 1:9
  76. To say the Shema twice daily
    Deut. 6:7; implied in Matt. 22:37; Mark 12:30; Luke 10:27
  77. To serve the Almighty with daily prayer
    Ex. 23:25; Colossians 3:24; Jude 1:20; 1 Thess 5:17
  78. The Kohanim must bless the Jewish nation daily
    Num. 6:23; Rev 1:16; 1 Peter 2:5,9
  79. To wear tefillin (phylacteries) on the head
    Deut. 6:8; No NT reference; interpreted as symbolic / metaphorical, not literal
  80. To bind tefillin on the arm
    Deut. 6:8; No NT reference; interpreted as symbolic / metaphorical, not literal
  81. To put a mezuzah on each door post
    Deut. 6:9; No NT reference; interpreted as symbolic / metaphorical, not literal
  82. Each male must write a Torah scroll
    Deut. 31:19; No NT reference; this interpretation by the Rabbis is suspect.
  83. The king must have a separate Sefer Torah for himself
    Deut. 17:18; No NT reference; interpreted as symbolic / metaphorical, not literal.
  84. To have tzitzit on four-cornered garments
    Num. 15:38; No NT reference; interpreted as symbolic / metaphorical, not literal.
  85. To bless the Almighty after eating
    Deut. 8:10; 1 Cor. 10:31
  86. To circumcise all males on the eighth day after their birth
    Lev. 12:3; No NT reference; interpreted as symbolic / metaphorical, not literal.
  87. To rest on the seventh day
    Ex. 23:12; see my section on Shabbat.
  88. Not to do prohibited labor on the seventh day
    Ex. 20:10; see my articles on Shabbat.
  89. The court must not inflict punishment on Shabbat
    Ex. 35:3; see my articles on Shabbat
  90. Not to walk outside the city boundary on Shabbat
    Ex. 16:29; see my articles on Shabbat
  91. To sanctify the day with Kiddush and Havdalah
    Ex. 20:8; see my articles on Shabbat
  92. To rest from prohibited labor
    Lev. 23:32; see my section on Shabbat
  93. Not to do prohibited labor on Yom Kippur
    Lev. 23:32; see my article on Yom Kippur.
  94. To afflict yourself on Yom Kippur
    Lev. 16:29; see my article on Yom Kippur
  95. Not to eat or drink on Yom Kippur
    Lev. 23:29; see my article on Yom Kippur.
  96. To rest on the first day of Passover
    Lev. 23:7; see my article on Passover
  97. Not to do prohibited labor on the first day of Passover
    Lev. 23:8; see my article on Passover.
  98. To rest on the seventh day of Passover
    Lev. 23:8; see my article on Passover.
  99. Not to do prohibited labor on the seventh day of Passover
    Lev. 23:8; see my article on Passover.
  100. To rest on Shavuot
    Lev. 23:21; see my article on Shavuot.
  101. Not to do prohibited labor on Shavuot
    Lev. 23:21; see my article on Shavuot.
  102. To rest on Rosh Hashanah
    Lev. 23:24; see my article on Rosh Hashanah.
  103. Not to do prohibited labor on Rosh Hashanah
    Lev. 23:25; see my article on Rosh Hashanah.
  104. To rest on Sukkot
    Lev. 23:35; see my article on Sukkot.
  105. Not to do prohibited labor on Sukkot
    Lev. 23:35; see my article on Sukkot
  106. To rest on Shemini Atzeret
    Lev. 23:36; see my article on Shemini Atzeret.
  107. Not to do prohibited labor on Shemini Atzeret
    Lev. 23:36; see my article on Shemini Atzeret
  108. Not to eat chametz on the afternoon of the 14th day of Nissan
    Deut. 16:3; see my article on preparing for Passover
  109. To destroy all chametz on 14th day of Nissan
    Ex. 12:15 ; see my article on preparing for Passover.
  110. Not to eat chametz all seven days of Passover
    Ex. 13:3; see my article on preparing for Passover
  111. Not to eat mixtures containing chametz all seven days of Passover
    Ex. 12:20; see my article on preparing for Passover
  112. Not to see chametz in your domain seven days
    Ex. 13:7; see my article on preparing for Passover
  113. Not to find chametz in your domain seven days
    Ex. 12:19; see my article on preparing for Passover
  114. To eat matzah on the first night of Passover
    Ex. 12:18; see my article on Passover
  115. To relate the Exodus from Egypt on that night
    Ex. 13:8; see my article on Passover
  116. To hear the Shofar on the first day of Tishrei (Rosh Hashanah)
    Num. 9:1;  see my article on Rosh Hashanah.
  117. To dwell in a Sukkah for the seven days of Sukkot
    Lev. 23:42;  see my article on Sukkot.
  118. To take up a Lulav and Etrog all seven days
    Lev. 23:40; see my article on Sukkot.
  119. Each man must give a half shekel annually
    Ex. 30:13; no NT requirement.
  120. Courts must calculate to determine when a new month begins
    Ex. 12:2; no NT requirement.
  121. To afflict oneself and cry out before God in times of calamity
    Num. 10:9; James 5:1
  122. To marry a wife by means of ketubah and kiddushin
    Deut. 22:13; no NT requirement for these rituals
  123. Not to have sexual relations with women not thus married
    Deut. 23:18; Gal 5:19-20; Eph 5:3; Col 3:5; 1 Thess 4:3; Jude 1:7, etc.
  124. Not to withhold food, clothing, and sexual relations from your wife
    Ex. 21:10; 1 Cor 7:5
  125. To have children with one's wife
    Gen 1:28; not explicitly commanded in NT
  126. To issue a divorce by means of a Get document
    Deut. 24:1; divorce is forbidden by Yeshua
  127. A man must not remarry his ex-wife after she has married someone else
    Deut. 24:4; Matt. 19:9; Matt. 19:19 
  128. To perform yibbum (marry the widow of one's childless brother)
    Deut. 25:5; not explicitly commanded in the NT
  129. To perform halizah (free the widow of one's childless brother from yibbum)
    Deut. 25:9; not explicitly commanded in the NT
  130. The widow must not remarry until the ties with her brother-in-law are removed (by halizah)
    Deut. 25:5; not explicitly commanded in the NT
  131. The court must fine one who sexually seduces a maiden
    Ex. 22:15-16; not explicitly commanded in the NT
  132. The rapist must marry the maiden (if she chooses)
    Deut. 22:29; not explicitly commanded in the NT 
  133. He is never allowed to divorce her
    Deut. 22:29; not explicitly commanded in the NT 
  134. The slanderer must remain married to his wife
    Deut. 22:19; not explicitly commanded in the NT 
  135. He must not divorce her
    Deut. 22:19; not explicitly commanded in the NT 
  136. To fulfill the laws of the Sotah (i.e., putting a wife on trial for suspected adultery)
    Num. 5:30; not explicitly commanded in the NT
  137. Not to put oil on her meal offering (as usual)
    Num. 5:15; not explicitly commanded in the NT
  138. Not to put frankincense on her meal offering (as usual)
    Num. 5:15; not explicitly commanded in the NT
  139. Not to have sexual relations with your mother
    Lev. 18:7; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  140. Not to have sexual relations with your father's wife
    Lev. 18:8; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  141. Not to have sexual relations with your sister
    Lev. 18:9; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  142. Not to have sexual relations with your father's wife's daughter
    Lev. 18:11;  Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  143. Not to have sexual relations with your son's daughter
    Lev. 18:10; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  144. Not to have sexual relations with your daughter
    Lev. 18:6 Lev. 18:10; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  145. Not to have sexual relations with your daughter's daughter
    Lev. 18:10; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  146. Not to have sexual relations with a woman and her daughter
    Lev. 18:17; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  147. Not to have sexual relations with a woman and her son's daughter
    Lev. 18:17; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  148. Not to have sexual relations with a woman and her daughter's daughter
    Lev. 18:17; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  149. Not to have sexual relations with your father's sister
    Lev. 18:12; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  150. Not to have sexual relations with your mother's sister
    Lev. 18:13; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  151. Not to have sexual relations with your father's brother's wife
    Lev. 18:14; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  152. Not to have sexual relations with your son's wife
    Lev. 18:15; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  153. Not to have sexual relations with your brother's wife
    Lev. 18:16; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  154. Not to have sexual relations with your wife's sister
    Lev. 18:18; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  155. A man must not have sexual relations with an animal
    Lev. 18:23; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  156. A woman must not have sexual relations with an inanimate object
    Lev. 18:23; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc. 
  157. Not to have homosexual sexual relations
    Lev. 18:22; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26-32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  158. Not to have homosexual sexual relations with your father
    Lev. 18:7; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc.
  159. Not to have homosexual sexual relations with your father's brother
    Lev. 18:14; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc. 
  160. Not to have sexual relations with someone else's wife
    Lev. 18:20; Matt 15:19; Rom 1:26- 32; Gal 5:19-20; etc. 
  161. Not to have sexual relations with a menstrually impure woman
    Lev. 18:19; no explicit NT reference to the laws of niddah
  162. Not to marry non-Jews
    Deut. 7:3; 2 Cor. 6:14
  163. Not to let Moabite and Ammonite males marry into the Jewish people
    Deut. 23:4; 2 Cor. 6:14 
  164. Not to prevent a third-generation Egyptian convert from marrying into the Jewish people
    Deut. 23:8-9; 2 Cor. 6:14 
  165. Not to refrain from marrying a third generation Edomite convert
    Deut. 23:8-9; 2 Cor. 6:14 
  166. Not to let a mamzer (a child born due to an illegal relationship) marry into the Jewish people
    Deut. 23:3; not forbidden in the NT
  167. Not to let a eunuch marry into the Jewish people
    Deut. 23:2; not explicitly forbidden in the NT
  168. Not to offer to God any castrated male animals
    Lev. 22:24; not explicitly forbidden in the NT
  169. The High Priest must not marry a widow
    Lev. 21:14; not explicitly forbidden in the NT
  170. The High Priest must not have sexual relations with a widow even outside of marriage
    Lev. 21:15; not explicitly forbidden in the NT
  171. The High Priest must marry a virgin maiden
    Lev. 21:13; not explicitly forbidden in the NT
  172. A Kohen (priest) must not marry a divorcee
    Lev. 21:7; not explicitly forbidden in the NT
  173. A Kohen must not marry a zonah (a woman who has had a forbidden sexual relationship)
    Lev. 21:7; not explicitly forbidden in the NT
  174. A priest must not marry a chalalah ("a desecrated person") (party to or product of 169-172)
    Lev. 21:7; not explicitly forbidden in the NT
  175. Not to make pleasurable (sexual) contact with any forbidden woman
    Lev. 18:6; 1 Cor 7:1
  176. To examine the signs of animals to distinguish between kosher and non-kosher
    Lev. 11:2; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  177. To examine the signs of fowl to distinguish between kosher and non-kosher
    Deut. 14:11; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  178. To examine the signs of fish to distinguish between kosher and non-kosher
    Lev. 11:9; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  179. To examine the signs of locusts to distinguish between kosher and non-kosher
    Lev. 11:21; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  180. Not to eat non-kosher animals
    Lev. 11:4; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  181. Not to eat non-kosher fowl
    Lev. 11:13; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  182. Not to eat non-kosher fish
    Lev. 11:11; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  183. Not to eat non-kosher flying insects
    Deut. 14:19; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  184. Not to eat non-kosher creatures that crawl on land
    Lev. 11:41; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  185. Not to eat non-kosher maggots
    Lev. 11:44; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  186. Not to eat worms found in fruit on the ground
    Lev. 11:42; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  187. Not to eat creatures that live in water other than (kosher) fish
    Lev. 11:43; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  188. Not to eat the meat of an animal that died without ritual slaughter
    Deut. 14:21; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  189. Not to benefit from an ox condemned to be stoned
    Ex. 21:28; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  190. Not to eat meat of an animal that was mortally wounded
    Ex. 22:30; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  191. Not to eat a limb torn off a living creature
    Lev 17:15; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19; though see Acts 15:20,9 
  192. Not to eat blood
    Lev. 3:17; Acts 15:20,9 
  193. Not to eat certain fats of clean animals
    Lev. 3:17; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  194. Not to eat the sinew of the thigh
    Gen. 32:33; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19
  195. Not to eat meat and milk cooked together
    Ex. 23:19; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19; also PLEASE READ Gen 18:8 to show this is NOT a valid Torah commandment.
  196. Not to cook meat and milk together
    Ex. 34:26; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19; also PLEASE READ Gen 18:8 to show this is NOT a valid Torah commandment.
  197. Not to eat bread from new grain before the Omer
    Lev. 23:14; no explicit NT commandment (see my article on sefirat haOmer)
  198. Not to eat parched grains from new grain before the Omer
    Lev. 23:14; no explicit NT commandment (see my article on sefirat haOmer)
  199. Not to eat ripened grains from new grain before the Omer
    Lev. 23:14; no explicit NT commandment (see my article on sefirat haOmer)
  200. Not to eat fruit of a tree during its first three years
    Lev. 19:23; no explicit NT commandment
  201. Not to eat diverse seeds planted in a vineyard
    Deut. 22:9;  no explicit NT commandment
  202. Not to eat untithed fruits
    Lev. 22:15;  no explicit NT commandment 
  203. Not to drink wine poured in service to idols
    Deut. 32:38; 1 Cor. 8
  204. To ritually slaughter an animal before eating it
    Deut. 12:21; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19.
  205. Not to slaughter an animal and its offspring on the same day
    Lev. 22:28; in NT, kashrut law is no longer binding: Acts 10:9-15; Matt 5:17-18; Mark 7:19.
  206. To cover the blood (of a slaughtered beast or fowl) with earth
    Lev. 17:13;  no explicit NT commandment
  207. Not to take the mother bird from her children
    Deut. 22:6; no explicit NT commandment, though the principle of showing compassion to living creatures is
  208. To release the mother bird if she was taken from the nest
    Deut. 22:7; no explicit NT commandment
  209. Not to swear falsely in God's Name
    Lev. 19:12; denied in NT: Matt 5:34-7 
  210. Not to take God's Name in vain
    Ex. 20:7; Matt 5:34-7 
  211. Not to deny possession of something entrusted to you
    Lev. 19:11; 1 John 1:6
  212. Not to swear in denial of a monetary claim
    Lev. 19:11; Matt 5:34-6
  213. To swear in God's Name to confirm the truth when deemed necessary by court
    Deut. 10:20; denied in NT: Matt 5:34-7
  214. To fulfill what was uttered and to do what was avowed
    Deut. 23:24; denied in NT: Matt 5:34-7
  215. Not to break oaths or vows
    Num. 30:3; denied in NT: Matt 5:34-7
  216. For oaths and vows annulled, there are the laws of annulling vows explicit in the Torah
    Num. 30:3; denied in NT: Matt 5:34-7
  217. The Nazir (Nazirite) must let his hair grow
    Num. 6:5; no explicit NT commandment (though see Acts 18:18)
  218. He must not cut his hair
    Num. 6:5; no explicit NT commandment (though see Acts 18:18)
  219. He must not drink wine, wine mixtures, or wine vinegar
    Num. 6:3; no explicit NT commandment (though see Acts 18:18)
  220. He must not eat fresh grapes
    Num. 6:3; no explicit NT commandment (though see Acts 18:18)
  221. He must not eat raisins
    Num. 6:3; no explicit NT commandment (though see Acts 18:18)
  222. He must not eat grape seeds
    Num. 6:4; no explicit NT commandment (though see Acts 18:18)
  223. He must not eat grape skins
    Num. 6:4; no explicit NT commandment (though see Acts 18:18)
  224. He must not be under the same roof as a corpse
    Num. 6:6; no explicit NT commandment (though see Acts 18:18)
  225. He must not come into contact with the dead
    Num. 6:7; no explicit NT commandment (though see Acts 18:18)
  226. He must shave his head after bringing sacrifices upon completion of his
    Nazirite period
    Num. 6:9; Acts 18:18
  227. To estimate the value of people as determined by the Torah
    Lev. 27:2; no NT command
  228. To estimate the value of consecrated animals
    Lev. 27:12-13; no NT command
  229. To estimate the value of consecrated houses
    Lev. 27:14; no NT command
  230. To estimate the value of consecrated fields
    Lev. 27:16; no NT command
  231. Carry out the laws of interdicting possessions (cherem)
    Lev. 27:28; Luke 9:54
  232. Not to sell the cherem
    Lev. 27:28; Luke 9:54 
  233. Not to redeem the cherem
    Lev. 27:28; Luke 9:54 
  234. Not to plant diverse seeds together
    Lev. 19:19; no NT command
  235. Not to plant grains or greens in a vineyard
    Deut. 22:9; no NT command
  236. Not to crossbreed animals
    Lev. 19:19; no NT command
  237. Not to work different animals together
    Deut. 22:10; no NT command
  238. Not to wear shatnez, a cloth woven of wool and linen
    Deut. 22:11; no NT command
  239. To leave a corner of the field uncut for the poor
    Lev. 19:10; no NT command
  240. Not to reap the corner of every field
    Lev. 19:9; no NT command
  241. To leave gleanings
    Lev. 19:9; no NT command
  242. Not to gather the gleanings
    Lev. 19:9; no NT command
  243. To leave the gleanings of a vineyard
    Lev. 19:10; no NT command
  244. Not to gather the gleanings of a vineyard
    Lev. 19:10; no NT command
  245. To leave the unformed clusters of grapes
    Lev. 19:10; no NT command
  246. Not to pick the unformed clusters of grapes
    Lev. 19:10; no NT command
  247. To leave the forgotten sheaves in the field
    Deut. 24:19; no NT command
  248. Not to retrieve them
    Deut. 24:19; no NT command
  249. To separate the "tithe for the poor"
    Deut. 14:28; Rom 15:26, 2 Cor 9:9, Gal 2:10
  250. To give charity
    Deut. 15:8; Rom 15:26, 2 Cor 9:9, Gal 2:10
  251. Not to withhold charity from the poor
    Deut. 15:7; Rom 15:26, 2 Cor 9:9, Gal 2:10
  252. To set aside Terumah Gedolah (gift for the Kohen)
    Deut. 18:4; no explicit NT command (Heb 8:6; Heb 13:10)
  253. The Levite must set aside a tenth of his tithe
    Num. 18:26; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  254. Not to preface one tithe to the next, but separate them in their proper order
    Ex. 22:28; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  255. A non-Kohen must not eat Terumah
    Lev. 22:10; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  256. A hired worker or a Jewish bondsman of a Kohen must not eat Terumah
    Lev. 22:10; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  257. An uncircumcised Kohen must not eat Terumah
    Ex. 12:48; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  258. An impure Kohen must not eat Terumah
    Lev. 22:4; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  259. A chalalah must not eat Terumah
    Lev. 22:12; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  260. To set aside ma'aser (tithe) each planting year and give it to a Levite
    Num. 18:24; no explicit NT command (Heb 8:6; Heb 13:10)
  261. To set aside the second tithe (ma'aser Sheni)
    Deut. 14:22; no explicit NT command (Heb 8:6; Heb 13:10)
  262. Not to spend its redemption money on anything but food, drink, or ointment
    Deut. 26:14; no explicit NT command (Heb 8:6; Heb 13:10)
  263. Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni while impure
    Deut. 26:14; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  264. A mourner on the first day after death must not eat Ma'aser Sheni
    Deut. 26:14; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  265. Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni grains outside Jerusalem
    Deut. 12:17; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  266. Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni wine products outside Jerusalem
    Deut. 12:17; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  267. Not to eat Ma'aser Sheni oil outside Jerusalem
    Deut. 12:17; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  268. The fourth year crops must be totally for holy purposes like Ma'aser Sheni
    Lev. 19:24; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  269. To read the confession of tithes every fourth and seventh year
    Deut. 26:13; no explicit NT command (Heb 8:6; Heb 13:10)
  270. To set aside the first fruits and bring them to the Temple
    Ex. 23:19; 1 Cor. 15:20-23; James 1:8; Rev. 14:4; the actual first fruits offering is no longer applicable (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10)
  271. The Kohanim must not eat the first fruits outside Jerusalem
    Deut. 12:17; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  272. To read the Torah portion pertaining to their presentation
    Deut. 26:5; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10)
  273. To set aside a portion of dough for a Kohen
    Num. 15:20; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10)
  274. To give the shoulder, two cheeks, and stomach of slaughtered animals to a Kohen
    Deut. 18:3;  n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 13:10)
  275. To give the first shearing of sheep to a Kohen
    Deut. 18:4; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  276. To redeem firstborn sons and give the money to a Kohen
    Num. 18:15; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  277. To redeem the firstborn donkey by giving a lamb to a Kohen
    Ex. 13:13; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  278. To break the neck of the donkey if the owner does not intend to redeem it
    Ex. 13:13; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  279. To rest the land during the seventh year by not doing any work which enhances growth
    Ex. 34:21; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  280. Not to work the land during the seventh year
    Lev. 25:4; no NT command
  281. Not to work with trees to produce fruit during that year
    Lev. 25:4; no NT command
  282. Not to reap crops that grow wild that year in the normal manner
    Lev. 25:5; no NT command
  283. Not to gather grapes which grow wild that year in the normal way
    Lev. 25:5; no NT command
  284. To leave free all produce which grew in that year
    Ex. 23:11; no NT command
  285. To release all loans during the seventh year
    Deut. 15:2; no NT command
  286. Not to pressure or claim from the borrower
    Deut. 15:2; Matt 5:42
  287. Not to refrain from lending immediately before the release of the loans for fear of monetary loss
    Deut. 15:9; Matt 5:42
  288. The Sanhedrin must count seven groups of seven years
    Lev. 25:8; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  289. The Sanhedrin must sanctify the fiftieth year
    Lev. 25:10; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  290. To blow the Shofar on the tenth of Tishrei to free the slaves
    Lev. 25:9; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9; Gal 3:28)
  291. Not to work the soil during the fiftieth year (Jubilee)
    Lev. 25:11; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  292. Not to reap in the normal manner that which grows wild in the fiftieth year
    Lev. 25:11; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  293. Not to pick grapes which grew wild in the normal manner in the fiftieth year
    Lev. 25:11; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  294. Carry out the laws of sold family properties
    Lev. 25:24; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  295. Not to sell the land in Israel indefinitely
    Lev. 25:23; n/a
  296. Carry out the laws of houses in walled cities
    Lev. 25:29; n/a
  297. The Tribe of Levi must not be given a portion of the land in Israel, rather they are given cities to dwell in Deut. 18:1
  298. The Levites must not take a share in the spoils of war
    Deut. 18:1;  n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  299. To give the Levites cities to inhabit and their surrounding fields
    Num. 35:2; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  300. Not to sell the fields but they shall remain the Levites' before and after the Jubilee year
    Lev. 25:34; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  301. To build a Temple.
    Ex. 25:8; 1 Cor. 3:16f; 6:19; 8:10; 9:13; 2 Cor. 6:16; Eph. 2:21; 2 Thess. 2:4; Rev. 3:12; 7:15; 11:1f, 19; 14:15, 17; 15:5f, 8; 16:1, 17; 21:22
  302. Not to build the altar with stones hewn by metal
    Ex. 20:23; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  303. Not to climb steps to the altar
    Ex. 20:26; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  304. To show reverence to the Temple
    Lev. 19:30; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  305. To guard the Temple area
    Num. 18:2; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  306. Not to leave the Temple unguarded
    Num. 18:5; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  307. To prepare the anointing oil
    Ex. 30:31; James 5:14
  308. Not to reproduce the anointing oil
    Ex. 30:32; James 5:14
  309. Not to anoint with anointing oil
    Ex. 30:32; James 5:14
  310. Not to reproduce the incense formula
    Ex. 30:37; no NT command
  311. Not to burn anything on the Golden Altar besides incense
    Ex. 30:9;  n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  312. The Levites must transport the ark on their shoulders
    Num. 7:9; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  313. Not to remove the staves from the ark
    Ex. 25:15; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  314. The Levites must work in the Temple
    Num. 18:23; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  315. No Levite must do another's work of either a Kohen or a Levite
    Num. 18:3; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  316. To dedicate the Kohen for service
    Lev. 21:8; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  317. The work of the Kohanim's shifts must be equal during holidays
    Deut. 18:6-8; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  318. The Kohanim must wear their priestly garments during service
    Ex. 28:2; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9; Rev. 6:11; 7:9, 13f)
  319. Not to tear the priestly garments
    Ex. 28:32; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9; Rev. 6:11; 7:9, 13f)
  320. The Kohen Gadol 's breastplate must not be loosened from the Efod
    Ex. 28:28; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9; Rev. 6:11; 7:9, 13f)
  321. A Kohen must not enter the Temple intoxicated
    Lev. 10:9; Eph 5:18
  322. A Kohen must not enter the Temple with long hair
    Lev. 10:6; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9; Rev. 6:11; 7:9, 13f)
  323. A Kohen must not enter the Temple with torn clothes
    Lev. 10:6; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9; Rev. 6:11; 7:9, 13f)
  324. A Kohen must not enter the Temple indiscriminately
    Lev. 16:2; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9; Rev. 6:11; 7:9, 13f)
  325. A Kohen must not leave the Temple during service
    Lev. 10:7; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9; Rev. 6:11; 7:9, 13f)
  326. To send the impure from the Temple
    Num. 5:2; Matt 21:12; Rev 22:15
  327. Impure people must not enter the Temple
    Num. 5:3; Matt 21:12; Rev 22:15
  328. Impure people must not enter the Temple Mount area
    Deut. 23:11; Matt 21:12; Rev 22:15
  329. Impure Kohanim must not do service in the temple
    Lev. 22:2; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  330. An impure Kohen, following immersion, must wait until after sundown before returning to service
    Lev. 22:7; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  331. A Kohen must wash his hands and feet before service
    Ex. 30:19; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  332. A Kohen with a physical blemish must not enter the sanctuary or approach the altar
    Lev. 21:23; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  333. A Kohen with a physical blemish must not serve
    Lev. 21:17; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  334. A Kohen with a temporary blemish must not serve
    Lev. 21:17; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  335. One who is not a Kohen must not serve
    Num. 18:4; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  336. To offer only unblemished animals
    Lev. 22:21; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  337. Not to dedicate a blemished animal for the altar
    Lev. 22:20; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  338. Not to slaughter it
    Lev. 22:22; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  339. Not to sprinkle its blood
    Lev. 22:24; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  340. Not to burn its fat
    Lev. 22:22; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  341. Not to offer a temporarily blemished animal
    Deut. 17:1; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  342. Not to sacrifice blemished animals even if offered by non-Jews
    Lev. 22:25; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  343. Not to inflict wounds upon dedicated animals
    Lev. 22:21; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  344. To redeem dedicated animals which have become disqualified
    Deut. 12:15; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  345. To offer only animals which are at least eight days old
    Lev. 22:27; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  346. Not to offer animals bought with the wages of a harlot or the animal exchanged for a dog
    Deut. 23:19; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  347. Not to burn honey or yeast on the altar
    Lev. 2:11; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  348. To salt all sacrifices
    Lev. 2:13; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9; but see Matt. 5:13; Mark 9:49f; Luke 14:34; Col. 4:6; Jam. 3:12)
  349. Not to omit the salt from sacrifices
    Lev. 2:13; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9; but see Matt. 5:13; Mark 9:49f; Luke 14:34; Col. 4:6; Jam. 3:12)
  350. Carry out the procedure of the burnt offering as prescribed in the Torah
    Lev. 1:3; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  351. Not to eat its meat
    Deut. 12:17; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  352. Carry out the procedure of the sin offering
    Lev. 6:18; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  353. Not to eat the meat of the inner sin offering
    Lev. 6:23; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  354. Not to decapitate a fowl brought as a sin offering
    Lev. 5:8; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  355. Carry out the procedure of the guilt offering
    Lev. 7:1; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  356. The Kohanim must eat the sacrificial meat in the Temple
    Ex. 29:33; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  357. The Kohanim must not eat the meat outside the Temple courtyard
    Deut. 12:17; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  358. A non-Kohen must not eat sacrificial meat
    Ex. 29:33; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  359. To follow the procedure of the peace offering
    Lev. 7:11; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  360. Not to eat the meat of minor sacrifices before sprinkling the blood
    Deut. 12:17; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  361. To bring meal offerings as prescribed in the Torah
    Lev. 2:1; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  362. Not to put oil on the meal offerings of wrongdoers
    Lev. 5:11; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  363. Not to put frankincense on the meal offerings of wrongdoers
    Lev. 3:11; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  364. Not to eat the meal offering of the High Priest
    Lev. 6:16; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  365. Not to bake a meal offering as leavened bread
    Lev. 6:10; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  366. The Kohanim must eat the remains of the meal offerings
    Lev. 6:9; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  367. To bring all avowed and freewill offerings to the Temple on the first subsequent festival
    Deut. 12:5-6; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  368. Not to withhold payment incurred by any vow
    Deut. 23:22; Matt 5:34-36
  369. To offer all sacrifices in the Temple
    Deut. 12:11; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  370. To bring all sacrifices from outside Israel to the Temple
    Deut. 12:26; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  371. Not to slaughter sacrifices outside the courtyard
    Lev. 17:4; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  372. Not to offer any sacrifices outside the courtyard
    Deut. 12:13; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  373. To offer two lambs every day
    Num. 28:3; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  374. To light a fire on the altar every day
    Lev. 6:6; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  375. Not to extinguish this fire
    Lev. 6:6; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  376. To remove the ashes from the altar every day
    Lev. 6:3; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  377. To burn incense every day
    Ex. 30:7; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  378. To light the Menorah every day
    Ex. 27:21; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9; Matt 5:16)
  379. The Kohen Gadol ("High Priest") must bring a meal offering every day
    Lev. 6:13; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  380. To bring two additional lambs as burnt offerings on Shabbat
    Num 28:9; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  381. To make the show bread
    Ex. 25:30; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  382. To bring additional offerings on Rosh Chodesh ("The New Month")
    Num. 28:11; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9; Gal 4:10-11) 
  383. To bring additional offerings on Passover
    Num. 28:19; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  384. To offer the wave offering from the meal of the new wheat
    Lev. 23:10; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  385. Each man must count the Omer - seven weeks from the day the new wheat offering was brought
    Lev. 23:15; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  386. To bring additional offerings on Shavuot
    Num. 28:26; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  387. To bring two leaves to accompany the above sacrifice
    Lev. 23:17; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  388. To bring additional offerings on Rosh Hashana
    Num. 29:2; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  389. To bring additional offerings on Yom Kippur
    Num. 29:8; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  390. To bring additional offerings on Sukkot
    Num. 29:13; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  391. To bring additional offerings on Shmini Atzeret
    Num. 29:35; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  392. Not to eat sacrifices which have become unfit or blemished
    Deut. 14.3; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  393. Not to eat from sacrifices offered with improper intentions
    Lev. 7:18; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  394. Not to leave sacrifices past the time allowed for eating them
    Lev. 22:30; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  395. Not to eat from that which was left over
    Lev. 19:8; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  396. Not to eat from sacrifices which became impure
    Lev. 7:19; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  397. An impure person must not eat from sacrifices
    Lev. 7:20; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  398. To burn the leftover sacrifices
    Lev. 7:17; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  399. To burn all impure sacrifices
    Lev. 7:19; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  400. To follow the procedure of Yom Kippur in the sequence prescribed in Parshah Acharei Mot ("After the death of Aaron's sons...")
    Lev. 16:3; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  401. One who profaned property must repay what he profaned plus a fifth and bring a sacrifice
    Lev. 5:16; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  402. Not to work consecrated animals
    Deut. 15:19; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  403. Not to shear the fleece of consecrated animals
    Deut. 15:19; n/a (Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  404. To slaughter the paschal sacrifice at the specified time
    Ex. 12:6; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  405. Not to slaughter it while in possession of leaven
    Ex. 23:18; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  406. Not to leave the fat overnight
    Ex. 23:18; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  407. To slaughter the second Paschal Lamb (if the first Passover is missed)
    Num. 9:11; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  408. To eat the Passover with matzah and marror on the night of the fourteenth of Nisan
    Ex. 12:8; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  409. To eat the second Paschal Lamb on the night of the 15th of Iyar
    Num. 9:11; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  410. Not to eat the paschal meat raw or boiled
    Ex. 12:9; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  411. Not to take the paschal meat from the confines of the group
    Ex. 12:46; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  412. A foreigner must not eat from it
    Ex. 12:43; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  413. A permanent or temporary hired worker must not eat from it
    Ex. 12:45; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  414. An uncircumcised male must not eat from it
    Ex. 12:48; n/a (Rom 2:29; 1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  415. Not to break any bones from the paschal offering
    Ex. 12:46; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  416. Not to break any bones from the second paschal offering
    Num. 9:12; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  417. Not to leave any meat from the paschal offering over until morning
    Ex. 12:10; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  418. Not to leave the second paschal meat over until morning
    Num. 9:12; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  419. Not to leave the meat of the holiday offering of the 14th until the 16th
    Deut. 16:4; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  420. To be seen at the Temple on Passover, Shavuot, and Sukkot
    Deut. 16:16; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  421. To celebrate on these three Festivals (bring a peace offering)
    Ex. 23:14; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10:10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  422. To rejoice on these three Festivals (bring a peace offering)
    Deut. 16:14; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  423. Not to appear at the Temple without offerings
    Deut. 16:16; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  424. Not to refrain from rejoicing with, and giving gifts to, the Levites
    Deut. 12:19; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  425. To assemble all the people on the Sukkot following the seventh year
    Deut. 31:12; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  426. To set aside the firstborn animals
    Ex. 13:12; no NT command
  427. The Kohanim must not eat unblemished firstborn animals outside Jerusalem
    Deut. 12:17; no NT command
  428. Not to redeem the firstborn
    Num. 18:17; no NT command
  429. Separate the tithe from animals
    Lev. 27:32; no NT command
  430. Not to redeem the tithe
    Lev. 27:33; no NT command
  431. Every person must bring a sin offering (in the temple) for his transgression
    Lev. 4:27; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  432. Bring an asham talui (temple offering) when uncertain of guilt
    Lev. 5:17-18; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  433. Bring an asham vadai (temple offering) when guilt is ascertained
    Lev. 5:25; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  434. Bring an oleh v'yored (temple offering) offering (if the person is wealthy, an animal; if poor, a bird or meal offering)
    Lev. 5:7-11; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  435. The Sanhedrin must bring an offering (in the Temple) when it rules in error
    Lev. 4:13; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  436. A woman who had a running (vaginal) issue must bring an offering (in the Temple) after she goes to the Mikveh
    Lev. 15:28-29; no NT command; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  437. A woman who gave birth must bring an offering (in the Temple) after she goes to the Mikveh
    Lev. 12:6; Luke 2:20-24; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  438. A man who had a running (unnatural urinary) issue must bring an offering (in the Temple) after he goes to the Mikveh
    Lev. 15:13-14; no NT command
  439. A metzora must bring an offering (in the Temple) after going to the Mikveh
    Lev. 14:10; no NT command 
  440. Not to substitute another beast for one set apart for sacrifice
    Lev. 27:10; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  441. The new animal, in addition to the substituted one, retains consecration
    Lev. 27:10; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  442. Not to change consecrated animals from one type of offering to another
    Lev. 27:26; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  443. Carry out the laws of impurity of the dead
    Num. 19:14; no NT command
  444. Carry out the procedure of the Red Heifer (Para Aduma)
    Num. 19:2; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  445. Carry out the laws of the sprinkling water
    Num. 19:21; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  446. Rule the laws of human tzara'at as prescribed in the Torah
    Lev. 13:12; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  447. The metzora must not remove his signs of impurity
    Deut. 24:8; no NT command
  448. The metzora must not shave signs of impurity in his hair
    Lev. 13:33; no NT command
  449. The metzora must publicize his condition by tearing his garments, allowing his hair to grow and covering his lips
    Lev. 13:45; no NT command
  450. Carry out the prescribed rules for purifying the metzora
    Lev. 14:2; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  451. The metzora must shave off all his hair prior to purification
    Lev. 14:9; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  452. Carry out the laws of tzara'at of clothing
    Lev. 13:47; no NT command
  453. Carry out the laws of tzara'at of houses
    Lev. 13:34; no NT command
  454. Observe the laws of menstrual impurity
    Lev. 15:19; no NT command
  455. Observe the laws of impurity caused by childbirth
    Lev. 12:2; no NT command
  456. Observe the laws of impurity caused by a woman's running issue
    Lev. 15:25; no NT command
  457. Observe the laws of impurity caused by a man's running issue (irregular ejaculation of infected semen)
    Lev. 15:3; no NT command
  458. Observe the laws of impurity caused by a dead beast
    Lev. 11:39; no NT command
  459. Observe the laws of impurity caused by the eight shratzim (insects)
    Lev. 11:29; no NT command
  460. Observe the laws of impurity of a seminal emission (regular ejaculation, with normal semen)
    Lev. 15:16; no NT command
  461. Observe the laws of impurity concerning liquid and solid foods
    Lev. 11:34; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9) 
  462. Every impure person must immerse himself in a Mikveh to become pure
    Lev. 15:16; n/a (John 15:3; 1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9)
  463. The court must judge the damages incurred by a goring ox
    Ex. 21:28; no NT command
  464. The court must judge the damages incurred by an animal eating
    Ex. 22:4; no NT command
  465. The court must judge the damages incurred by a pit
    Ex. 21:33; no NT command
  466. The court must judge the damages incurred by fire
    Ex. 22:5; no NT command
  467. Not to steal money stealthily
    Lev. 19:11; Eph 4:28
  468. The court must implement punitive measures against the thief
    Ex. 21:37; Rom 13:4
  469. Each individual must ensure that his scales and weights are accurate
    Lev. 19:36; Rom 13:4
  470. Not to commit injustice with scales and weights
    Lev. 19:35; Eph 4:28
  471. Not to possess inaccurate scales and weights even if they are not for use
    Deut. 25:13; 1 Thess 5:22
  472. Not to move a boundary marker to steal someone's property
    Deut. 19:14; Eph 4:28
  473. Not to kidnap
    Ex. 20:13; 1 Tim 1:10
  474. Not to rob openly
    Lev. 19:13; 1 Tim 1:10; John 10:10; Rom 13:9
  475. Not to withhold wages or fail to repay a debt
    Lev. 19:13; Rom 13:9
  476. Not to covet and scheme to acquire another's possession
    Ex. 20:14; Rom 13:9
  477. Not to desire another's possession
    Deut. 5:18;  Rom 13:9
  478. Return the robbed object or its value
    Lev. 5:23; Rom 13:9
  479. Not to ignore a lost object
    Deut. 22:3; Rom 13:9
  480. Return the lost object
    Deut. 22:1; Rom 13:9
  481. The court must implement laws against the one who assaults another or damages another's property
    Ex. 21:18; Matt 5:42
  482. Not to murder
    Ex. 20:13; Rom 13:9; 1 John 3:15
  483. Not to accept monetary restitution to atone for the murderer
    Num. 35:31; Rom 13:9; 1 John 3:15 
  484. The court must send the accidental murderer to a city of refuge
    Num. 35:25; no NT command
  485. Not to accept monetary restitution instead of being sent to a city of refuge
    Num. 35:32; no NT command
  486. Not to kill the murderer before he stands trial
    Num. 35:12; no NT command
  487. Save someone being pursued even by taking the life of the pursuer
    Deut. 25:12; no NT command
  488. Not to pity the pursuer
    Num. 35:12; no NT command
  489. Not to stand idly by if someone's life is in danger
    Lev. 19:16; John 13:34f; 15:12, 17; Rom. 12:10; 13:8; Gal. 5:13; Eph. 4:2; 1 Thess. 3:12; 4:9; Heb. 10:24; 1 Pet. 1:22; 3:8; 1 John 3:11, 23; 4:7, 11f; 2 John 1:5
  490. Designate cities of refuge and prepare routes of access
    Deut. 19:3; no NT command
  491. Break the neck of a calf by the river valley following an unsolved murder
    Deut. 21:4; no NT command
  492. Not to work nor plant that river valley
    Deut. 21:4; no NT command
  493. Not to allow pitfalls and obstacles to remain on your property
    Deut. 22:8; no NT command
  494. Make a guard rail around flat roofs
    Deut. 22:8; no NT command
  495. Not to put a stumbling block before a blind man (nor give harmful advice)
    Lev. 19:14; no NT command (though the principles are there of course)
  496. Help another remove the load from a beast which can no longer carry it
    Ex. 23:5; no NT command (though the principles are there of course) 
  497. Help others load their beast
    Deut. 22:4; no NT command (though the principles are there of course) 
  498. Not to leave others distraught with their burdens (but to help either load or unload)
    Deut. 22:4; no NT command (though the principles are there of course) 
  499. Buy and sell according to Torah law
    Lev. 25:14; no NT command; 1 Thess. 2:10
  500. Not to overcharge or underpay for an article
    Lev. 25:14; 1 Thess. 2:10
  501. Not to insult or harm anybody with words
    Lev. 25:17; Matt. 5:37; Eph. 4:29; Col. 3:8
  502. Not to cheat a sincere convert monetarily
    Ex. 22:20; 1 Thess. 2:10
  503. Not to insult or harm a sincere convert with words
    Ex. 22:20; Matt. 5:37; Eph. 4:29; Col. 3:8
  504. Purchase a Hebrew slave in accordance with the prescribed laws
    Ex. 21:2; NT does not support slavery: John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon
  505. Not to sell him as a slave is sold
    Lev. 25:42; John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon
  506. Not to work him oppressively
    Lev. 25:43; John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon
  507. Not to allow a non-Jew to work him oppressively
    Lev. 25:53; John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon
  508. Not to have him do menial slave labor
    Lev. 25:39; John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon
  509. Give him gifts when he goes free
    Deut. 15:14; John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon 
  510. Not to send him away empty-handed
    Deut. 15:13; John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon 
  511. Redeem Jewish maidservants
    Ex. 21:8; John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon
  512. Betroth the Jewish maidservant
    Ex. 21:8; no NT command
  513. The master must not sell his maidservant
    Ex. 21:8; John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon
  514. Canaanite slaves must work forever unless injured in one of their limbs
    Lev. 25:46; John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon
  515. Not to extradite a slave who fled to (Biblical) Israel
    Deut. 23:16; John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon 
  516. Not to wrong a slave who has come to Israel for refuge
    Deut. 23:16; John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon 
  517. The courts must carry out the laws of a hired worker and hired guard
    Ex. 22:9; John 8:36; 1 Cor 12:13; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11; Philemon
  518. Pay wages on the day they were earned
    Deut. 24:15; Matt 5
  519. Not to delay payment of wages past the agreed time
    Lev. 19:13; Matt 5
  520. The hired worker may eat from the unharvested crops where he works
    Deut. 23:25; 1 Cor. 9:9; 1 Tim. 5:18
  521. The worker must not eat while on hired time
    Deut. 23:26; no NT command
  522. The worker must not take more than he can eat
    Deut. 23:25; no NT command
  523. Not to muzzle an ox while plowing
    Deut. 25:4; 1 Cor. 9:9; 1 Tim. 5:18
  524. The courts must carry out the laws of a borrower
    Ex. 22:13; no NT command
  525. The courts must carry out the laws of an unpaid guard
    Ex. 22:6; no NT command
  526. Lend to the poor and destitute
    Ex. 22:24; Matt 5:42; Gal 2:20
  527. Not to press them for payment if you know they don't have it
    Ex. 22:24; Matt. 6:12; Luke 11:4; 1 John 1:9; Gal 2:20
  528. Press the idolater for payment
    Deut. 15:3; no NT command
  529. The creditor must not forcibly take collateral
    Deut. 24:10; Matt. 6:12; Luke 11:4; 1 John 1:9
  530. Return the collateral to the debtor when needed
    Deut. 24:13; Matt. 6:12; Luke 11:4; 1 John 1:9
  531. Not to delay its return when needed
    Deut. 24:12; Matt 5:42
  532. Not to demand collateral from a widow
    Deut. 24:17; Gal 2:20; Matt 5
  533. Not to demand as collateral utensils needed for preparing food
    Deut. 24:6; no NT command
  534. Not to lend with interest
    Lev. 25:37; Matt 5
  535. Not to borrow with interest
    Deut. 23:20; Matt 5
  536. Not to intermediate in an interest loan, guarantee, or write the promissory note
    Ex. 22:24; no NT command
  537. Lend to and borrow from idolaters with interest
    Deut. 23:21; no NT command
  538. The courts must carry out the laws of the plaintiff, admitter, or denier
    Ex. 22:8; no NT command
  539. Carry out the laws of the order of inheritance
    Num. 27:8; no NT command: Col. 3:24
  540. Appoint judges
    Deut. 16:18; 1 Cor. 6:1-6
  541. Not to appoint judges who are not familiar with judicial procedure
    Deut. 1:17;  1 Cor. 6:1-6
  542. Decide by majority in case of disagreement
    Ex. 23:2; no NT command
  543. The court can execute only by a majority of two
    Ex. 23:2; no NT command to execute others
  544. A judge who presented an acquittal plea must not present an argument for conviction in capital cases
    Deut. 23:2; no NT command to execute others 
  545. The courts must carry out the death penalty of stoning
    Deut. 22:24; no NT command to execute others
  546. The courts must carry out the death penalty of burning
    Lev. 20:14; no NT command to execute others 
  547. The courts must carry out the death penalty of the sword
    Ex. 21:20; no NT command to execute others
  548. The courts must carry out the death penalty of strangulation
    Lev. 20:10; no NT command to execute others 
  549. The courts must hang those stoned for blasphemy or idolatry
    Deut. 21:22; no NT command to execute others
  550. Bury the executed on the day they are killed
    Deut. 21:23; no NT command to execute others
  551. Not to delay burial overnight
    Deut. 21:23; no NT command to execute others
  552. The court must not let the sorcerer live
    Ex. 22:17; no NT command to execute others
  553. The court must give lashes to the wrongdoer
    Ex. 25:2; no NT command to perform corporal punishment
  554. The court must not exceed the prescribed number of lashes
    Deut. 25:3; no NT command to perform corporal punishment
  555. The court must not kill anybody on circumstantial evidence
    Ex. 23:7; no NT command to execute others 
  556. The court must not punish anybody who was forced to do a crime
    Deut. 22:26; no NT command to enforce civil laws
  557. A judge must not pity the murderer or assaulter at the trial
    Deut. 19:13; no NT command to enforce civil laws
  558. A judge must not have mercy on the poor man at the trial
    Lev. 19:15; no NT command to enforce civil laws 
  559. A judge must not respect the great man at the trial
    Lev. 19:15; no NT command to enforce civil laws 
  560. A judge must not decide unjustly the case of the habitual transgressor
    Ex. 23:6; no NT command to enforce civil laws 
  561. A judge must not pervert justice
    Lev. 19:15; no NT command to enforce civil laws 
  562. A judge must not pervert a case involving a convert or orphan
    Deut. 24:17; no NT command to enforce civil laws
  563. Judge righteously
    Lev. 19:15; John 7:24
  564. The judge must not fear a violent man in judgment
    Deut. 1:17; no NT command to enforce civil laws 
  565. Judges must not accept bribes
    Ex. 23:8;  no NT command to enforce civil laws
  566. Judges must not accept testimony unless both parties are present
    Ex. 23:1; no NT command to enforce civil laws 
  567. Not to curse judges
    Ex. 22:27; Rom 13:1-5
  568. Not to curse the head of state or leader of the Sanhedrin
    Ex. 22:27; Rom 13:1-5
  569. Not to curse any upstanding Jew
    Lev. 19:14; Rom 13:1-5; Phil 2:3
  570. Anybody who knows evidence must testify in court
    Lev. 5:1; Eph 4:15
  571. Carefully interrogate the witness
    Deut. 13:15; 1 John 4:1
  572. A witness must not serve as a judge in capital crimes
    Deut. 19:17; no NT command
  573. Not to accept testimony from a lone witness
    Deut. 19:15; 1 Tim 5:19
  574. Transgressors must not testify
    Ex. 23:1; no NT commands to enforce civil laws
  575. Relatives of the litigants must not testify
    Deut. 24:16; no NT commands to enforce civil laws
  576. Not to testify falsely
    Ex. 20:13; Col 3:9
  577. Punish the false witnesses as they tried to punish the defendant
    Deut. 19:19; Col 3:9
  578. Act according to the ruling of the Sanhedrin
    Deut. 17:11; NT believers not subject to Sanhedrin
  579. Not to deviate from the word of the Sanhedrin
    Deut. 17:11; NT believers not subject to Sanhedrin
  580. Not to add to the Torah commandments or their oral explanations
    Deut. 13:1; Rev 22:18-19
  581. Not to diminish from the Torah any commandments, in whole or in part
    Deut. 13:1; James 2:10
  582. Not to curse your father and mother
    Ex. 21:17; Eph 6:2
  583. Not to strike your father and mother
    Ex. 21:15; Eph 6:2
  584. Respect your father or mother
    Ex. 20:12; Eph 6:2
  585. Fear your father or mother
    Lev. 19:3; Eph 6:2
  586. Not to be a rebellious son
    Deut. 21:18; Col 3:8-9
  587. Mourn for relatives
    Lev. 10:19; Mat 9:15; Rom 12:5
  588. The High Priest must not defile himself for any relative
    Lev. 21:11; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9
  589. The High Priest must not enter under the same roof as a corpse
    Lev. 21:11;  n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9
  590. A Kohen must not defile himself (by going to funerals or cemeteries) for anyone except relatives
    Lev. 21:1; n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9
  591. Appoint a king from Israel
    Deut. 17:15; Matt. 2:2; 27:11, 29, 37; Mark 15:2, 9, 12, 18, 26; Luke 23:3, 37f; John 18:33, 39; 19:3, 19, 21
  592. Not to appoint a foreigner
    Deut. 17:15; Matt. 2:2; 27:11, 29, 37; Mark 15:2, 9, 12, 18, 26; Luke 23:3, 37f; John 18:33, 39; 19:3, 19, 21
  593. The king must not have too many wives
    Deut. 17:17; Matt. 2:2; 27:11, 29, 37; Mark 15:2, 9, 12, 18, 26; Luke 23:3, 37f; John 18:33, 39; 19:3, 19, 21
  594. The king must not have too many horses
    Deut. 17:16; Matt. 2:2; 27:11, 29, 37; Mark 15:2, 9, 12, 18, 26; Luke 23:3, 37f; John 18:33, 39; 19:3, 19, 21
  595. The king must not have too much silver and gold
    Deut. 17:17; Matt. 2:2; 27:11, 29, 37; Mark 15:2, 9, 12, 18, 26; Luke 23:3, 37f; John 18:33, 39; 19:3, 19, 21
  596. Destroy the seven Canaanite nations
    Deut. 20:17; no NT command: Matt 28:19-20
  597. Not to let any of them remain alive
    Deut. 20:16; no NT command; Matt 28:19-20
  598. Wipe out the descendants of Amalek
    Deut. 25:19; no NT command; Matt 28:19-20
  599. Remember what Amalek did to the Jewish people
    Deut. 25:17; no NT command; Matt 28:19-20
  600. Not to forget Amalek's atrocities and ambush on our journey from Egypt in the desert
    Deut. 25:19; no NT command; Matt 28:19-20
  601. Not to dwell permanently in Egypt
    Deut. 17:16; no NT command
  602. Offer peace terms to the inhabitants of a city while holding siege, and treat them according to the Torah if they accept the terms
    Deut. 20:10; no NT command
  603. Not to offer peace to Ammon and Moab while besieging them
    Deut. 23:7; no NT command; Matt 28:19-20
  604. Not to destroy fruit trees even during the siege
    Deut. 20:19; no NT command
  605. Prepare latrines outside the camps
    Deut. 23:13; no NT command
  606. Prepare a shovel for each soldier to dig with
    Deut. 23:14; no NT command
  607. Appoint a priest to speak with the soldiers during the war
    Deut. 20:2;  n/a (1 Cor. 5:7; 6:19; Heb 8:6; Heb 10; Heb 13:10; 1 Pet 2:5,9
  608. He who has taken a wife, built a new home, or planted a vineyard is given a year to rejoice with his possessions
    Deut. 24:5; no NT command
  609. Not to demand from the above any involvement, communal or military
    Deut. 24:5; no NT command
  610. Not to panic and retreat during battle
    Deut. 20:3; Eph 6:10-17
  611. Keep the laws of the captive woman
    Deut. 21:11 (In a foreign war, an Israelite could take any woman as a slave-wife, even if it were against her will. He would put her through what could be regarded as a period of ritual abuse. If he later dislikes her, he can grant her freedom, but cannot sell her to another slave owner.); no NT command to capture women, shave their heads, etc.
  612. Not to sell her into slavery
    Deut. 21:14; no NT command to capture women
  613. Not to retain her for servitude after having sexual relations with her
    Deut. 21:14; (a man who rapes or engages in consensual sex with a female slave who is engaged to be married to another man must sacrifice an animal in the temple in order to be forgiven. The female slave would be whipped. There is apparently no punishment or ritual animal killing required if the female slave were not engaged; men could rape such slaves with impunity.) There is NO NT command for any of this.

 

 

 

 

A Closing Thought

 

 

 

As you know, there are some people within the Messianic movement (as well as legalistic churches) who claim that followers of Jesus should become "Torah Observant." Since Jesus was a Torah-observant Jew, they argue, and we are called to be His followers, then we ourselves should become Torah observant, too.  As well-meaning as this sounds, however, this is specious reasoning, based on a variety of exegetical errors, not the least of which is the confusion between the idea of Torah and Covenant.  Nonetheless, I wonder if these legalists have ever taken the time to actually read the list of the Torah's demands -- all 613 of them? As a reminder, let me list a few of the more difficult commandments in the Torah of Moses here:

  • Slavery is permissible, and fathers may sell their daughters (Ex 21:7; Lev. 25:44).
  • You may not contact a woman while she is in her monthly cycle (Lev. 15:19-24).
  • Homosexuals are to be put to death (Lev. 20:13)
  • You must put someone to death for working on the Sabbath (Exodus 35:2).
  • You cannot leave your homes to work on the Sabbath (Exodus 16:29).
  • You should keep a completely kosher diet (Lev. 11:10).
  • You should not allow anyone with physical blemishes to come before the altar of the LORD (Lev. 21:16-20).
  • You should never plant two types of crops in the same field (Lev. 19:19).
  • You should never wear garments that have two types of fabric (e.g., no cotton/polyester blends) (Deut 22:11).
  • You should publicly execute anyone who curses or blasphemes (Lev. 24:10-20).
  • You must burn to death those who sleep with their in-laws (Lev. 20:14).
  • You should put to death a rebellious child (Deut 21:18-22).
  • You must pay for (and marry) a virgin you seduced (Exodus 22:16).
  • You must destroy all places of idolatry in the Land (Deut 7:2, 12:2).
  • You are commanded to burn apostate cities and kill all the inhabitants (Deut 13:15-17) the cherem - including babies and women.
  • You also must kill all magicians, witches or wizards among the people (Deut 18:10)
  • You must hang a blasphemer and an idolater (Deut 21:22).
  • In courts of law, you may not take evidence from a woman (Deut 24:17).
  • You must marry your brother's wife when your brother dies childless (Deut 25:5).
  • If you take a female prisoner of war and seduce her, she will become a slave with certain rights, and if you later dislike her, you can grant her freedom, but you cannot sell her to another slave owner (Deut. 21:11-15).

The point here is simple: the law code given to ancient Israel was not, and was never intended to be, an unchanging set of laws that would determine someone's relationship with God.  Those who want to return to the ethic of ancient Israel perhaps need to be reminded of Jesus' words in Matthew 23:15, wherein He warned otherwise well-meaning people of the dangers of affecting self-righteousness, and they also might want to reread Galatians 4:21-5:1 where Paul likens those who advocate adherence to the law as slaves (i.e., children of Hagar), but those who hold to the promise of the gift of life through faith as free (i.e., children of Sarah). 

The true remnant of Israel has always been composed of those whom God chose as His own, based on His sovereign purposes and love. Indeed, Yeshua gave us a BETTER WAY to come to God (Heb. 8:16, 12:24). The very word Torah means "teaching" and has always been a description of our responsibility to the LORD in light of the covenantal actions He performed on our behalf (for more information, see this article). Since God gave up His Son in order for us to be free from the penalty of sin and death, why should we seek to go back to a system based on righteous deeds that are grounded in life apart from the ultimate Tzaddik Himself? "For all who rely on works of the law are under a curse; for it is written, "Cursed be everyone who does not abide by all things written in the Book of the Law, and do them" (Gal. 3:10). If we are justified by faith, chaverim, we are also sanctified by grace...

Regarding the underlying moral intent of the Torah, we know that it is indeed "holy, just and good" (Rom 7:12). However, even if we were to limit ourselves to just the moral aspects of the Ten Commandments we will quickly realize that we need serious intervention in order to attain genuine holiness. On the day of our death, will we trust in our own adherence to the moral law as our appeal before a perfectly holy and absolutely righteous God?

Listen to how the apostle Paul, the greatest Torah sage of his day, put it:

Is the law then contrary to the promises of God? Certainly not! For if a law had been given that could give life, then righteousness would indeed be by the law. But the Scripture imprisoned everything under sin, so that the promise by faith in Jesus Christ might be given to those who believe. Now before faith came, we were held captive under the law, imprisoned until the coming faith would be revealed. So then, the law was our guardian until Christ came, in order that we might be justified by faith. But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a guardian, for in Christ Jesus you are all sons of God, through faith (Gal. 3:21-26).

The law of the LORD is indeed perfect (Psalm 19:7), yet we are fallible and in need of salvation from the righteous judgment of an utterly holy God based on our (chronically) sinful condition.

Rule-following behavior is not the same thing as attaining the righteousness of God imputed to those who, like father Abraham, believed that God Himself could and would justify the ungodly based on faith. "For the promise to Abraham and his offspring that he would be heir of the world did not come through the law but through the righteousness of faith" (Rom. 4:13).

A lot more could be said on this subject, obviously, and I am passionate about the glory of God's grace as revealed in the gift of His Son for us. I am zealous to retain grace as grace, and not to sneak in extraneous conditions for our acceptance in the Beloved (Eph 1:6).

Most of us, I am afraid, don't want to be free.  It's so much easier for us to regard ourselves as pleasing to God on the basis of some litany of rules that we are following. Or perhaps we are trusting in our participation in various sorts of ritual acts...  But freedom?  Nakedness before God?  To come to Him utterly bankrupt, broken and in need, while trusting that His love covers our sinful condition by clothing us with the very righteousness of His Son?  To no longer need a list of "do's-and-don'ts" or some liturgy to come before His glorious presence?  To trust that you have direct access to the very Holy of Holies and can relate to God as His own beloved child? No -- it's too much for most people, and therefore the mad rush to find some sort of "catch" in the contract, some sort of loophole, some fine print that obliges us to propitiate an angry and spiteful god... 

Thank the LORD God of Israel for the grace and love of His Son Jesus!

 

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Major Judaic Religious Festivals
Festival Description Normally held
Jewish year runs from September to August.
Jewish years    
Rosh Hashanah Jewish New Year, a ten-day period of repentance leading up to Yom Kippur 1 Tishri (September/October)
Yom Kippur Day of Atonement, a time when Jews seek forgiveness of those who have been wronged; also the major fast of the year 10 Tishri (September/October)
Succoth Feast of Tabernacles, a time when families build and eat in open-air shelters in commemoration of the temporary desert shelters built by the Israelites during their journey to the Promised Land 15-23 Tishri (October)
Simhat Torah End of Succoth and the end of the annual reading of the Torah, which is carried around the synagogue on this day 24 Tishri (October)
Hanukkah Dedication of the Temple, a time when the eight-branched Hanukkah candle is lit commemorating the rededication of the Temple in Jerusalem in the 2nd century bc, when the Temple lamp miraculously stayed alight for eight days, even though there was only enough oil to last one day 25 Kislev-3 Tebet (November/December)
Purim Celebration of the story of Esther who saved her people from destruction at the hands of Haman; the congregation dress in unusual clothes for the synagogue service and boo when Haman's name is read out from the scrolls of Esther 14 Adar (March)
Pesach Passover, celebrating God's deliverance of the Israelites from captivity in Egypt; families gather for the first evening of the festival to share the Seder meal, which recalls in words and symbols the departure of the Israelites from Egypt 15-22 Nisan (April)
Shabuoth Also known as the Pentecost or the Feast of Weeks, this is both a harvest festival and a thanksgiving for the gift of Torah to Moses on Mount Sinai 6-7 Sivan (May/June)
Tishah B'Av This date recalls the disasters that have befallen the Jewish people, including the destruction of the first and second temples in Jerusalem; it is also a time to mourn the events of the Holocaust 9 Av (July/August)